ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2019
The Treatment of Refractory Pituitary Adenomas.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histogram analysis based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging in pituitary macroadenomas: relation to histological subtype and expression.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- miR-221/222 Facilitate Pituitary Adenoma Progression Via PHACTR4 Downregulation.Human mutation · 2026Article
- Prediction of Higher Ki-67 Index in Pituitary Adenomas by Pre- and Intra-Operative Clinical Characteristics.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Aggressive prolactinoma (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- The Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Refractory Pituitary Adenomas: A Single Center Experience.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Surgical Outcome and Evaluation of Strategies in the Management of Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas After Initial Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenectomy Failure.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Consistency of pituitary adenomas: Amounts of collagen types I and III and the predictive value of T2WI MRI.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- PD-L1 Is Preferentially Expressed in PIT-1 Positive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumours.Endocrine pathology · 2021Article
- Somatostatin Receptor Subtype Expression in Patients with Acromegaly and Complicated Clinical Course.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of refractory pituitary adenomas: a narrative review.Gland surgery · 2021Review
- Pituitary adenoma or pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: a narrative review of controversy and perspective.Translational cancer research · 2021Review
- How to Classify and Define Pituitary Tumors: Recent Advances and Current Controversies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- A Nomogram for Preoperatively Predicting the Ki-67 Index of a Pituitary Tumor: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Three Dimensional Cell Culturing for Modeling Adrenal and Pituitary Tumors.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2021Article
- Anti-VEGF Therapy in Refractory Pituitary Adenomas and Pituitary Carcinomas: A Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- The Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pituitary Adenomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Inhibition of lncRNA-UCA1 suppresses pituitary cancer cell growth and prolactin (PRL) secretion via attenuating glycolysis pathway.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2020Article
- Identification of gene co-expression modules and hub genes associated with the invasiveness of pituitary adenoma.Endocrine · 2020Article
- Medication for Acromegaly Reduces Expression of MUC16, MACC1 and GRHL2 in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumour Tissue.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- The Progress of Immunotherapy in Refractory Pituitary Adenomas and Pituitary Carcinomas.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Refractory pituitary adenomas (PAs) are defined as aggressive-invasive PAs characterized by a high Ki-67 index, rapid growth, frequent recurrence, and resistance to conventional treatments. It is notoriously difficult to manage refractory PAs because the efficacy of current therapeutic options is limited. The purpose of this review is to address currently employed and promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of refractory PAs. Except for prolactinomas, neurosurgery is the first-line option, but most refractory PAs often recur or re-grow after initial surgery and require further treatments. Medical therapy, radiotherapy and re-operation are explored when surgery has failed to completely resect tumors; however, refractory PAs are usually resistant to these treatments. As a salvage treatment, temozolomide (TMZ) has shown promising results and is currently used for all types of refractory PAs. However, not all refractory PAs are responsive to TMZ treatment, and some of these PAs are resistant to TMZ. Although targeted therapies such as vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and mTOR inhibitors have also been used to treat refractory PAs, the effectiveness of these targeted therapies is still not known due to a lack of data from randomized prospective trials. As a novel therapeutic method, cancer immunotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of refractory PAs, but further preclinical research and clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this new approach. In summary, early identification and a multidisciplinary approach are required to treat refractory PAs.
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