Trial reportScientific reports2019
Transcriptomic profiles conducive to immune-mediated tumor rejection in human breast cancer skin metastases treated with Imiquimod.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical TLR7 agonist and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Dissecting the Efficacy and Immunogenicity of TLR7 Agonist-Antibody Conjugates through the Lens of Fc Effector Function, Conjugation Strategies, and Linker Cleavability.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Translational advancements in tumor vaccine therapies for glioblastomas.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- A patient stratification signature mirrors the immunogenic potential of high grade serous ovarian cancers.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- An integrated tumor, immune and microbiome atlas of colon cancer.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical trial-identified inflammatory biomarkers in breast and pancreatic cancers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines-Antigen Discovery and Adjuvant Delivery Platforms.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- The immune landscape of solid pediatric tumors.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy: Modulation of tumor microenvironment by Toll-like receptor ligands.BioImpacts : BI · 2022Review
- Network-based identification of key master regulators associated with an immune-silent cancer phenotype.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2021Article
- Article
- SLFN11 captures cancer-immunity interactions associated with platinum sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Combination Treatment of Topical Imiquimod Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Exerts Significantly Potent Antitumor Effect.Cancers · 2021Article
- Article
- A case report of imiquimod topical therapy as treatment for cutaneous metastasis of breast cancer.Rare tumors · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of Macrophage Plasticity in the Tumor Environment: Manipulating Activation State to Improve Outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Clinical implication of cellular vaccine in glioma: current advances and future prospects.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2020Review
- Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- Oncogenic states dictate the prognostic and predictive connotations of intratumoral immune response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Imiquimod is a topical toll-like-receptor-7 agonist currently used for treating basal cell carcinoma. Recently, imiquimod has demonstrated tumor regression in melanoma and breast cancer skin metastases. However, the molecular perturbations induced by imiquimod in breast cancer metastases have not been previously characterized. Here, we describe transcriptomic profiles associated with responsiveness to imiquimod in breast cancer skin metastases. Baseline and post-treatment tumor samples from patients treated with imiquimod in a clinical trial were profiled using Nanostring technology. Through an integrative analytic pipeline, we showed that tumors from patients who achieved a durable clinical response displayed a permissive microenvironment, substantiated by the upregulation of transcripts encoding for molecules involved in leukocyte adhesion and migration, cytotoxic functions, and antigen presentation. In responding patients, Imiquimod triggered a strong T-helper-1 (Th-1)/cytotoxic immune response, characterized by the coordinated upregulation of Th-1 chemokines, migration of Th-1 and cytotoxic T cells into the tumor, and activation of immune-effector functions, ultimately mediating tumor destruction. In conclusion, we have shown that topical imiquimod can induce a robust immune response in breast cancer metastases, and this response is more likely to occur in tumors with a pre-activated microenvironment. In this setting, imiquimod could be utilized in combination with other targeted immunotherapies to increase therapeutic efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.