ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2019
Association of changes in red meat consumption with total and cause specific mortality among US women and men: two prospective cohort studies.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effect of Red Meat Consumption on Circulating, Urinary, and Fecal Trimethylamine-N-Oxide: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- How to Keep the Balance between Red and Processed Meat Intake and Physical Activity Regarding Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns on Cancer-Related Outcomes: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Eco-Focused Menu Labels on Full Meal Orders From Fast-Food Restaurants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2026Trial
- Assessment of Vascular Function in Response to High-Fat and Low-Fat Ground Beef Consumption in Men.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Developing health and environmental warning messages about red meat: An online experiment.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Effect of varying quantities of lean beef as part of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern on lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Trial
- The McCance Brain Care Score and Mortality: Evidence From a Large-Scale Population-Based Cohort.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Enhancing health outcomes through genetic-based personalized nutrition: investigating the effects of dietary behavior change.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Global, regional and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to suboptimal diet, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Intake of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 Before and After Disease Diagnosis and the Risk of Death in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Association between red meat intake and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of US adults (NHANES 2003-2016).The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality: The Adventist Health Study 2.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Gut microbes with theGut microbes · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potential of White Kidney Beans (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Simple data-driven dietary pattern associated with lower risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association of changes in red meat consumption with total and cause specific mortality in women and men.
designTwo prospective cohort studies with repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors.
settingNurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, United States.
participants53 553 women and 27 916 men without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline.
main outcome measureDeath confirmed by state vital statistics records, the national death index, or reported by families and the postal system.
results14 019 deaths occurred during 1.2 million person years of follow-up. Increases in red meat consumption over eight years were associated with a higher mortality risk in the subsequent eight years among women and men (both P for trend<0.05, P for heterogeneity=0.97). An increase in total red meat consumption of at least half a serving per day was associated with a 10% higher mortality risk (pooled hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.17). For processed and unprocessed red meat consumption, an increase of at least half a serving per day was associated with a 13% higher mortality risk (1.13, 1.04 to 1.23) and a 9% higher mortality risk (1.09, 1.02 to 1.17), respectively. A decrease in consumption of processed or unprocessed red meat of at least half a serving per day was not associated with mortality risk. The association between increased red meat consumption and mortality risk was consistent across subgroups defined by age, physical activity, dietary quality, smoking status, or alcohol consumption.
conclusionIncreases in red meat consumption, especially processed meat, were associated with higher overall mortality rates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.