ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Stroke Incidence and Survival in American Indians, Blacks, and Whites: The Strong Heart Study and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ethnic Inequalities in Stroke Incidence Patterns and Trends in High-Income Countries (2015-2025).Neuroepidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Pilot study of a heart-healthy food box intervention for Native Americans with uncontrolled hypertension: methods and results from the Chickasaw Healthy Eating Environments Research Study.Health education research · 2024Trial
- Cerebrovascular Risk Factors for Body Mass Index, Diabetes, and Atherosclerosis in a Wisconsin Native American Population: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Stroke Incidence and Smoking in American Indians: An Update from the Strong Heart Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Indigenous perspectives of a culturally tailored dietary intervention: Qualitative findings from the CHEERS study.Health education research · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Incidence and Outcomes.Current cardiovascular risk reports · 2025Article
- Trends in American Indian/Alaskan native self-reported stroke prevalence and associated modifiable risk factors in the United States from 2011-2021.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2024Article
- Disparities in Race and Ethnicity Reporting and Representation for Clinical Trials in Stroke: 2010 to 2020.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Native opportunities to stop hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial among urban American Indian and Alaska Native adults with hypertension.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Use of clinical pharmacy services by American Indians and Alaska Native adults with cardiovascular disease.Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP · 2022Article
- Psychological and social support associations with mortality and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Building Environmental Health and Genomics Literacy among Healthcare Providers Serving Vulnerable Communities: An Innovative Educational Framework.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2021Article
- The Incidence of Stroke in Indigenous Populations of Countries With a Very High Human Development Index: A Systematic Review Protocol.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Stroke Incidence and Survival in American Indians, Blacks, and Whites: The Strong Heart Study and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background American Indians ( AIs ) have high stroke morbidity and mortality. We compared stroke incidence and mortality in AI s, blacks, and whites. Methods and Results Pooled data from 2 cardiovascular disease cohort studies included 3182 AI s from the SHS (Strong Heart Study), aged 45 to 74 years at baseline (1988-1990) and 3765 blacks and 10 413 whites from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study, aged 45 to 64 years at baseline (1987-1989). Stroke surveillance was based on self-report, hospital records, and death certificates. We estimated hazard ratios for incident stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic combined) through 2008, stratified by sex and birth-year tertile, and relative risk for poststroke mortality. Incident strokes numbered 282 for AI s, 416 for blacks, and 613 for whites. For women and men, stroke incidence among AI s was similar to or lower than blacks and higher than whites. Covariate adjustment resulted in lower hazard ratios for most comparisons, but results for these models were not always statistically significant. After covariate adjustment, AI women and men had higher 30-day poststroke mortality than blacks (relative risk=2.1 [95% CI=1.0, 3.2] and 2.2 [95% CI=1.3, 3.1], respectively), and whites (relative risk=1.6 [95% CI=0.8, 2.5] and 1.7 [95% CI=1.1, 2.4]), and higher 1-year mortality (relative risk range=1.3-1.5 for all comparisons). Conclusions Stroke incidence in AI s was lower than for blacks and higher than for whites; differences were larger for blacks and smaller for whites after covariate adjustment. Poststroke mortality was higher in AI s than blacks and whites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.