ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2019
Effects of proton pump inhibitor use on risk of Clostridium difficile infection: a hospital cohort study.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hospital acquired clostridioides difficile infection in critically ill patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Gastroenterological Surgery and Management ofJournal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2025Review
- <italic>Clostridioides difficile</italic> Infection in Patients Undergoing Acid-Suppressive Treatment: A Large Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching.Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Clostridium difficile infection following colon subtotal resection in a patient with gallstones: A case report and review of literature.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Deprescribing of proton pump inhibitors in older patients: A cost-effectiveness analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Factors associated with mood disorders and the efficacy of the targeted treatment of functional dyspepsia: A randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Multidisciplinary Consensus for Rationalizing the Use of Acid Suppressants in Children and Adults: CONFOR.Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough there are several studies on the association between use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and increased Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) risk, detailed studies analyzing the effects of PPI use on CDI risk are lacking. The present study investigated the association of the dose, duration, and types of PPIs with CDI risk.
methodsA single-center, cohort study was conducted on patients admitted to a hospital. The exposed cohort comprised patients who were prescribed PPIs at least once during the study period, and a control cohort was prepared by randomly assigning an index date to patients who did not use PPIs ensuring the same distribution of index dates as in the exposed cohort and matching sex, age, hospitalization period, and date of admission.
resultsPPI use increased the risk of CDI by 1.8-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-2.2]. CDI risk increased by 1.8-fold with esomeprazole (95% CI 1.4-2.2) and 2.0-fold with pantoprazole (95% CI 1.5-2.8). Patients who used a high dose had a higher risk than those who used a medium dose [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.0 vs 1.3]. The risk of CDI increased 4.2-fold when the PPI exposure period was 6 days or shorter than 6 days.
conclusionsOur study showed that PPI use was associated with an increased risk of developing CDI and the risk of CDI was dose dependent. Therefore, PPIs should only be used at proper doses and only for the necessary indications to avoid CDI risk.
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