ReviewNutrients2019
A Review of Bioactive Factors in Human Breastmilk: A Focus on Prematurity.
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Human Milk Bioactive Compounds and Psychomotor Outcomes in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of enteral insulin on enteral diet tolerance in premature infants: systematic review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2024Pooled it
- Breastfeeding Affects Concentration of Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids During the First Year of Life: Results of the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Children: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Positive emotion interventions as a non-pharmacological approach to boost colostrum secretion: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Temporal Changes in Breast Milk Fatty Acids Contents: A Case Study of Malay Breastfeeding Women.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Native amniotic fluid promotes barrier-associated maturation of the neonatal intestine under physiological conditions.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Metabolic health conditions in pregnancy, human milk hormone concentrations, and infant adiposity.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Effect of Probiotics on the Gut-Mammary Pathway: Implications on Infant Microbiota Transfer and Development.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Milk Fat Globule Membrane: Structural Organization, Bioactive Constituents, and Therapeutic Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Adipokines and Growth Factors in Preterm and Term Breast Milk and Their Role in Infant Growth.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- An investigation into the status of human milk feeding in very low birth weight infants: a multicenter study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Observational
- Breastfeeding in Infancy and Adult Health: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Does Breastfeeding Small for Gestational Age Neonates Promote a Healthier Growth Pattern? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Composition and Antioxidant Status of Vegan Milk-Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects and mechanisms of breastmilk stem cells in the treatment of white matter injury in newborn rats.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Preterm birth is an increasing worldwide problem. Prematurity is the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age. It is associated with a higher risk of several pathologies in the perinatal period and adulthood. Maternal milk, a complex fluid with several bioactive factors, is the best option for the newborn. Its dynamic composition is influenced by diverse factors such as maternal age, lactation period, and health status. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding some bioactive factors present in breastmilk, namely antioxidants, growth factors, adipokines, and cytokines, paying specific attention to prematurity. The revised literature reveals that the highest levels of these bioactive factors are found in the colostrum and they decrease along the lactation period; bioactive factors are found in higher levels in preterm as compared to full-term milk, they are lacking in formula milk, and decreased in donated milk. However, there are still some gaps and inconclusive data, and further research in this field is needed. Given the fact that many preterm mothers are unable to complete breastfeeding, new information could be important to develop infant supplements that best match preterm human milk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.