ArticleEndocrinology2019
Dihydrotestosterone Increases Cytotoxic Activity of Macrophages on Prostate Cancer Cells via TRAIL.
Article in Endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The origins and progression of pyloric metaplasia following gastric mucosal injury.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex-Stratified Characterization of Behavioral, Hippocampal, and Microglial Androgen Responses to Adolescent High-Fat Diet Consumption in Mice.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Targeting androgen receptor signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2025Review
- Estradiol and dihydrotestosterone exert sex-specific effects on human fibroblast and endothelial proliferation, bioenergetics, and vasculogenesis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor-Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A Novel Erinacine S Derivative fromInternational journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- RISING STARS: Androgens and immune cell function.The Journal of endocrinology · 2024Review
- Effects of 5α-dihydrotestosterone on the modulation of monocyte/macrophage response to Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Gender-Specific Impact of Sex Hormones on the Immune System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Sex-the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts.Veterinary research · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- Bringing Macrophages to the Frontline against Cancer: Current Immunotherapies Targeting Macrophages.Cells · 2021Review
- Review
- LTF Regulates the Immune Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer Through JAK/STAT3 Pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Androgen-Influenced Polarization of Activin A-Producing Macrophages Accompanies Post-pyelonephritic Renal Scarring.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Androgen and Androgen Receptors as Regulators of Monocyte and Macrophage Biology in the Healthy and Diseased Lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Dihydrotestosterone Increases Cytotoxic Activity of Macrophages on Prostate Cancer Cells via TRAIL.Endocrinology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and immunotherapy are potential treatment options in men with metastatic prostate cancer (CaP), androgen has conventionally been proposed to be a suppressor of the immune response. However, we herein report that DHT activates macrophages. When the murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), human monocyte cell line (THP-1), and human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured with androgen-resistant CaP cell lines, DHT increased cytotoxicity of macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that DHT induced M1 polarization and increased the expression levels of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in macrophages and that this effect was abrogated when TRAIL was neutralized with a blocking antibody or small interfering RNA. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that induction of TRAIL expression was regulated by direct binding of androgen receptor to the TRAIL promoter region. Finally, an in vivo mouse study demonstrated that castration enhanced the growth of an androgen-resistant murine CaP tumor and that this protumorigenic effect of castration was blocked when macrophages were removed with clodronate liposomes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DHT activates the cytotoxic activity of macrophages and suggest that immunotherapy may not be optimal when combined with ADT in CaP.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.