ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Association between medical cannabis laws and opioid overdose mortality has reversed over time.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between state cannabis laws and opioid outcomes: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Pooled it
- Opioid-sparing effect of cannabinoids for analgesia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Impact evaluations of drug decriminalisation and legal regulation on drug use, health and social harms: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- A Rapid Review of the Impact of Systems-Level Policies and Interventions on Population-Level Outcomes Related to the Opioid Epidemic, United States and Canada, 2014-2018.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulates pain sensitivity among persons receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder: A within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study.Addiction biology · 2023Trial
- Within-subject, double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled evaluation of the combined effects of the cannabinoid dronabinol and the opioid hydromorphone in a human laboratory pain model.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Parallel modeling of pain and depression in prediction of relapse during buprenorphine and naloxone treatment: A finite mixture model.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Real-Time and Long-Term Effects of Medical Marijuana on Older Adults: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Medical cannabis authorization and opioid milligram equivalents over time in patients with chronic pain: a retrospective analysis.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Medical Cannabis and Opioid Receipt Among Adults With Chronic Pain.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- "Medical Cannabis": Advising Patients While Navigating Medical Ethics and Limited Evidence.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use in Opioid Maintenance Therapy: Prevalence, Clinical Correlates and Reasons for Use.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of medical and recreational cannabis laws on inpatient visits for asthma.Health services research · 2025Article
- Association Between Legal Access to Medical Cannabis and Frequency of Non-Medical Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Adults.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Cannabis Policies, Cannabis, and Opioids in Suicide and Undetermined Intent Death.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Cannabis use and illicit opioid cessation among people who use drugs living with chronic pain.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Do Medical and Recreational Marijuana State Laws Impact Trends in Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions Among Patients Who Have Undergone TJA?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025Article
- Crafting effective regulatory policies for psychedelics: What can be learned from the case of cannabis?Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- The relationship of medical and recreational cannabis laws with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder in the USA: Does it depend on prior history of cannabis use?The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.