ReviewBiology of sex differences2019
Sex, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular disease risk.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Probiotics on Uric Acid Levels: Meta-Analysis with Subgroup Analysis and Meta-Regression.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with chronic kidney disease risk.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Effects of Different Types of Probiotics in Animal Alzheimer's Disease Studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Diet- and sex-related changes of gut microbiota composition and functional profiles after 4 months of weight loss intervention.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbial alterations and functional shifts in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: insights from a northwestern Chinese metagenomic study.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Autologous Cell Therapy for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia: Towards Personalized Medicine.Angiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Disruption of the spinal cord-gut axis alters microbial dynamics and carbohydrate cross-feeding in the gut.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Altered gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid in acute ischaemic stroke with active cancer.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Observational
- Associations of the gut microbiome and cardiometabolic risk in adolescence: the HOME study.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- A validation for sex differences in gut microbiome of essential hypertension based on cohort analysis.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Novel Advances in Our Understanding of Sex-Dependent Control of Blood Pressure.Annual review of physiology · 2026Review
- The gut-heart axis in coronary artery disease: a scoping and narrative review of sex-based microbial and metabolic disparities.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex Hormone Androgen Elevates Blood Pressure Through Gut Microbiota-TMAO Pathway.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- The impact of dietary salt on the development of hypertension and gut microbiome dysbiosis in captive-bred vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Rising-Star Metabolite: Implications for Human Health.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Gut dysbiosis induced by a high-salt diet aggravates atherosclerosis by increasing the absorption of saturated fatty acids in ApoE-deficient mice.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Key differences exist between men and women in the determinants and manifestations of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, gut microbiome-host relations have been implicated in cardiovascular disease and associated metabolic conditions; therefore, gut microbiota may be key mediators or modulators driving the observed sexual dimorphism in disease onset and progression. While current evidence regarding pure physiological sex differences in gut microbiome composition is modest, robust research suggests that gut microbiome-dependent metabolites may interact with important biological pathways under sex hormone control, including toll-like receptor and flavin monooxygenase signaling. Here, we review key sex differences in gut microbiome interactions with four primary determinants of cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Through this process, we propose important sex differences in downstream metabolic pathways that may be at the interface of the gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.