ArticleBMC genomics2019
West Nile virus infection and interferon alpha treatment alter the spectrum and the levels of coding and noncoding host RNAs secreted in extracellular vesicles.
Article in BMC genomics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles and direct microbial contact drive species-specific corneal epithelial reprogramming.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Lipids, Tetraspanins, and Exosomes: Cell Factors inViruses · 2025Review
- Changes and application prospects of biomolecular materials in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) after flavivirus infection.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Development and Therapeutic Use of Antivirals in Flavivirus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses that impact public health.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in arbovirus infections: from basic biology to potential clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Profiling of snoRNAs in Exosomes Secreted from Cells Infected with Influenza A Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exosomal miR-7-25207 Increases Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Titers by Targeting the Akt-CyclinQ1 and PRC1-YAF2 Dual Pathways.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Small Intestinal Endocrine Cell Derived Exosomal ACE2 Protects Islet β-Cell Function by Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Reducing β-Cell Pyroptosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- The role of small extracellular vesicles in spreading and inhibiting arthropod-borne diseases.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Review
- Exploring Optimal Biomarker Sources: A Comparative Analysis of Exosomes and Whole Plasma in Fasting and Non-Fasting Conditions for Liquid Biopsy Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Noncoding RNA of Zika Virus Affects Interplay between Wnt-Signaling and Pro-Apoptotic Pathways in the Developing Brain Tissue.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles secreted by the cells that mediate intercellular transfer of molecules and contribute to transduction of various signals. Viral infection and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to alter molecular composition of EV content. Transfer of antiviral proteins by EVs is thought to contribute to the development of inflammation and antiviral state. Altered incorporation of selected host RNAs into EVs in response to infection has also been demonstrated for several viruses, but not for WNV. Considering the medical significance of flaviviruses and the importance of deeper knowledge about the mechanisms of flavivirus-host interactions we assessed the ability of West Nile virus (WNV) and type I interferon (IFN), the main cytokine regulating antiviral response to WNV, to alter the composition of EV RNA cargo.
resultsWe employed next generation sequencing to perform transcriptome-wide profiling of RNA cargo in EVs produced by cells infected with WNV or exposed to IFN-alpha. RNA profile of EVs secreted by uninfected cells was also determined and used as a reference. We found that WNV infection significantly changed the levels of certain host microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) and mRNAs incorporated into EVs. Treatment with IFN-alpha also altered miRNA and mRNA profiles in EV but had less profound effect on sncRNAs. Functional classification of RNAs differentially incorporated into EVs upon infection and in response to IFN-alpha treatment demonstrated association of enriched in EVs mRNAs and miRNAs with viral processes and pro-inflammatory pathways. Further analysis revealed that WNV infection and IFN-alpha treatment changed the levels of common and unique mRNAs and miRNAs in EVs and that IFN-dependent and IFN-independent processes are involved in regulation of RNA sorting into EVs during infection.
conclusionsWNV infection and IFN-alpha treatment alter the spectrum and the levels of mRNAs, miRNAs and sncRNAs in EVs. Differentially incorporated mRNAs and miRNAs in EVs produced in response to WNV infection and to IFN-alpha treatment are associated with viral processes and host response to infection. WNV infection affects composition of RNA cargo in EVs via IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.