ArticleToxins2019
Occurrence of the Ochratoxin A Degradation Product 2'R-Ochratoxin A in Coffee and Other Food: An Update.
Article in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic exposure to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and citrinin in women and children and associated health risk characterization: blood biomonitoring evidence from rural Bangladesh.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Modified Mycotoxins in Food: Current Evidence, Key Uncertainties, and Priorities for Risk Assessment.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Detoxification of Grape Pomace Contaminated with Ochratoxin A by Thermal-Pressure Treatment in Combination with Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Reduction in Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Coffee: From Good Practices to Biocontrol Agents.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A green-footprint approach for parallel multiclass analysis of contaminants in roasted coffee via LC-HRMS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Review
- Risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges.Toxins · 2023Review
- Biomonitoring of ochratoxin A, 2'R-ochratoxin A and citrinin in human blood serum from Switzerland.Mycotoxin research · 2022Article
- Ochratoxin A in Slaughtered Pigs and Pork Products.Toxins · 2022Review
- Ochratoxin A and 2'Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Impact of experimental thermal processing of artificially contaminated pea products on ochratoxin A and phomopsin A.Mycotoxin research · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Mycotoxins in blood and urine of Swedish adolescents-possible associations to food intake and other background characteristics.Mycotoxin research · 2020Article
- Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Food raw materials can contain the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Thermal processing of these materials may result in decreased OTA levels but also in the formation of the thermal isomerization product 2'R-ochratoxin A (2'R-OTA). So far, only 2'R-OTA levels reported from 15 coffee samples in 2008 are known, which is little when compared to the importance of coffee as a food and trading good. Herein, we present results from a set of model experiments studying the effect of temperatures between 120 °C and 270 °C on the isomerization of OTA to 2'R-OTA. It is shown that isomerization of OTA starts at temperatures as low as 120 °C. At 210 °C and above, the formation of 25% 2'R-OTA is observed in less than one minute. Furthermore, 51 coffee samples from France, Germany, and Guatemala were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for the presence of OTA and 2'R-OTA. OTA was quantified in 96% of the samples, while 2'R-OTA was quantifiable in 35% of the samples. The highest OTA and 2'R-OTA levels of 28.4 µg/kg and 3.9 µg/kg, respectively, were detected in coffee from Guatemala. The OTA:2'R-OTA ratio in the samples ranged between 2.5:1 and 10:1 and was on average 5.5:1. Besides coffee, 2'R-OTA was also for the first time detected in a bread sample and malt coffee powder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.