SynthesisPloS one2019
Links between discrimination and cardiovascular health among socially stigmatized groups: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discrimination and Gender: An Umbrella Review of Psychological Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Umbrella Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Literature on the Representation of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Clinical Nutrition Interventions.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Adapting the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework to understand the association between stigma and sleep deficiency: A systematic review.Sleep health · 2022Pooled it
- The Impact of Psychosocial Stress from Life Trauma and Racial Discrimination on Epigenetic Aging-A Systematic Review.Biological research for nursing · 2022Pooled it
- Experiences of Discrimination and Everyday Racism Among Children and Adolescents With an Immigrant Background - Results of a Systematic Literature Review on the Impact of Discrimination on the Developmental Outcomes of Minors Worldwide.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Affirming Identity in Dental Care: Case-Based Insights on LGBTQ+ Oral Health.BMC oral health · 2026Review
- The word Dementia should be retired.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Discrimination in Health Care and ASCVD Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Experiencing unfair treatment is associated with incident cardiovascular disease among older Black adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Multiple Group Membership and Cardiovascular Reactivity in Women: Moderation by the Number of Groups Perceived as Targets of Discrimination.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Experiences of In-Group and Out-Group Skin Tone Discrimination and Their Associations with Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among African American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Social, psychological, and cultural dimensions of cardiovascular health among Hispanic/Latino adults: A narrative review of findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Review
- CVD Environmental Health Disparities Tool: systematic evidence mapping of psychosocial stressors, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular diseases to inform disparities research and action.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Associations between amygdala connectivity and experienced discrimination in children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Racism, discrimination, and distress: A cross-sectional examination of smoking behaviors among adults who smoke during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Gender predictors of adverse health.Journal of health psychology · 2026Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease across diverse groups in the U.S. population, and increasing research has identified stigma as a potential barrier to cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. This systematic review examines evidence linking discrimination and cardiovascular health among socially stigmatized groups. STUDY
designSix databases were systematically reviewed from inception through February 2018 for studies with adult subjects, focusing on cardiovascular health indicators among social groups stigmatized because of their gender, race/ethnicity, age, body weight/obesity, or sexual orientation. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias for nonrandomized studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration 7-item domain for randomized controlled and experimental trials.
resultsThe search identified 84 eligible studies published between 1984 and 2017. Studies retrieved were categorized according to demonstrated links between stigma and cardiovascular disease risk factors including blood pressure (n = 45), heart rate variability (n = 6), blood/saliva cardiovascular biomarkers (n = 18), as well as other indicators of cardiovascular health (n = 15). Based on the findings from included studies, 86% concluded that there was a significant relationship among stigma or discrimination and cardiovascular health indicators among socially stigmatized groups. However, there were varying degrees of evidence supporting these relationships, depending on the type of discrimination and cardiovascular health indicator. The current evidence implies an association between perceived discrimination and cardiovascular health. However, a majority of these studies are cross-sectional (73%) and focus on racial discrimination (79%), while using a wide variety of measurements to assess social discrimination and cardiovascular health.
conclusionsFuture research should include longitudinal and randomized controlled trial designs, with larger and more diverse samples of individuals with stigmatized identities, using consistent measurement approaches to assess social discrimination and its relationship with cardiovascular health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.