ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2019
Exposure to Community Homicide During Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Within-Community Matched Design.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal-Fetal Interplay During Mid-gestation: Inflammatory Biomarker Levels in Maternal Sera, Cord Sera and Placenta.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- Healthcare utilisation among low-income individuals affected by violence in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exposure to Crime and Racial Birth Outcome Disparities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Linking Adverse Experiences to Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Life Course Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Low-Income Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Health of singleton neonates in Switzerland through time and crises: a cross-sectional study at the population level, 2007-2022.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Exposure to local violent crime and childhood obesity and fitness: Evidence from New York City public school students.Health & place · 2022Article
- Preconception stress exposure from childhood to adolescence and birth outcomes: The impact of stress type, severity and consistency.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Occurrence of fatal police violence during pregnancy and hazard of preterm birth in California.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2021Article
- Associations between neighborhood violence during pregnancy and birth outcomes: evidence from São Paulo's Western Region Birth Cohort.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Respiratory hospitalizations and wildfire smoke: a spatiotemporal analysis of an extreme firestorm in San Diego County, California.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Relationships between psychosocial stressors among pregnant women in San Francisco: A path analysis.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCommunity violence is an understudied aspect of social context that may affect risk of preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (SGA).
methodsWe matched California mothers with live singleton births who were exposed to a homicide in their Census tract of residence in 2007-2011 to unexposed mothers within the same tract. We estimated risk differences with a weighted linear probability model, with weights corresponding to the matched data structure. We estimated the average treatment effect on the treated of homicide exposure on the risk of preterm birth and SGA during the preconception period and first and second trimester.
resultsWe found a small increase in risk of SGA associated with homicide exposure in the first trimester (0.14% [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.01%, 0.30%]), but not for exposure during the preconception period (-0.01% [95% CI = -0.17%, 0.15%]) or the second trimester (-0.06% [95% CI = -0.23%, 0.11%]). Risk of preterm birth was not affected by homicide exposure. When women were exposed to homicides during all three exposure windows, there was a larger increase in risk of SGA (1.09% [95% CI = 0.15%, 2.03%]) but not preterm birth (0.14% [95% CI = -0.74%, 1.01%]). Exposure to three or more homicides was also associated with greater risk of SGA (0.78% [95% CI = 0.15%, 1.40%]). Negative controls indicated that residual confounding by temporal patterning was unlikely.
conclusionsHomicide exposure during early pregnancy is associated with a small increased risk of SGA.
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