ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2019
Self-Reported Measures of Discretionary Salt Use Accurately Estimated Sodium Intake Overall but not in Certain Subgroups of US Adults from 3 Geographic Regions in the Salt Sources Study.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02474693 (Assessment of the Proportion of Sodium Intake From a Variety of Sources - Salt Sources Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of the Proportion of Sodium Intake From a Variety of Sources - Salt Sources Study
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Risk for Hypertension Increases the Effect of Salt Intake on the Risk of Incident CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Adding salt to foods increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Adding salt to foods and risk of incident depression and anxiety.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Frequency of adding salt is a stronger predictor of chronic kidney disease in individuals with genetic risk.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2025Article
- Association of Adding Salt to Foods and Potassium Intake with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the UK Biobank Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Association between adding salt in food and dementia in European descent: A mendelian randomization study.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Adding salt to foods and hazards of microvascular, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Restriction of salt, alcohol and coffee intake and Ménière's disease: insight from Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Self-Reported Frequency of Adding Salt to Food and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association between Eating Habits and Sodium Intake among Chinese University Students.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Evaluating the association between dietary salt intake and the risk of atrial fibrillation using Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Adding salt to foods and hazard of premature mortality.European heart journal · 2022Article
- The quantification of sodium intake from discretionary salt intake in New Zealand using the lithium-tagged salt method.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Dietary Habits and Medications to Control Hypertension Among Women of Child-Bearing Age in the United States from 2001 to 2016.American journal of hypertension · 2021Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExcess sodium intake can increase blood pressure, and high blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Accurate population sodium intake estimates are essential for monitoring progress toward reduction, but data are limited on the amount of sodium consumed from discretionary salt.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to compare measured sodium intake from salt added at the table with that estimated according to the Healthy People 2020 (HP 2020) methodology.
methodsData were analyzed from the 2014 Salt Sources Study, a cross-sectional convenience sample of 450 white, black, Asian, and Hispanic adults living in Alabama, Minnesota, and California. Sodium intake from foods and beverages was assessed for each participant through the use of 24-h dietary recalls. Estimated sodium intake from salt used at the table was assessed from self-reported frequency and estimated amounts from a previous study (HP 2020 methodology). Measured intake was assessed through the use of duplicate salt samples collected on recall days.
resultsAmong all study participants, estimated and measured mean sodium intakes from salt added at the table were similar, with a nonsignificant difference of 8.9 mg/d (95% CI: -36.6, 54.4 mg/d). Among participants who were non-Hispanic Asian, Hispanic, had a bachelor's degree or higher education, lived in California or Minnesota, did not report hypertension, or had normal BMI, estimated mean sodium intake was 77-153 mg/d greater than measured intake (P < 0.05). The estimated mean sodium intake was 186-300 mg/d lower than measured intake among participants who were non-Hispanic black, had a high school degree or less, or reported hypertension (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThe HP 2020 methodology for estimating sodium consumed from salt added at the table may be appropriate for the general US adult population; however, it underestimates intake in certain population subgroups, particularly non-Hispanic black, those with a high school degree or less, or those with self-reported hypertension. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02474693.
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