ArticleJournal of Appalachian health2019
Serum Cotinine versus Parent Reported Measures of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Rural Appalachian Children.
Article in Journal of Appalachian health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors associated with smokefree rules in the homes of Black/African American women smokers residing in low-resource rural communities.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and sleep disturbance in school-aged children in Appalachian Ohio.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The contribution of secondhand tobacco smoke to blood lead levels in US children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2015-2018.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Respiratory Symptoms and Urinary Cotinine Levels in Pre-school Children Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in Appalachian children and associated adverse effects is understudied and not well documented. This study assessed the prevalence of SHS exposure in Appalachian children by parental self-report and internal biological measure.
methodsSHS exposure was determined in children residing in rural Appalachian communities during their participation in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study between 2009 and 2013. Parents reported the number of smokers in the household and number of cigarettes smoked/day. Children ages 7-9 provided a serum sample for cotinine analysis. Parent reported measures and child serum cotinine measures of SHS exposure were compared with national and Appalachian-state estimates. Data analysis for the study was done in 2013.
resultsApproximately 37% parents reported at least one smoker in the home, yet 50% of children had a detectible level of cotinine in serum. The mean serum cotinine level in children was 0.7 + 1.6 ng/mL. In homes of at least one reported smoker, an average of 20 cigarettes were smoked//day. Compared to 7.6% children, aged 3-19 years, exposed to SHS nationally, 36.6% children in our study were exposed to SHS living in Appalachian counties. IMPLICATIONS: Children living in rural Appalachian counties are significantly exposed to SHS exposure. Parental self-reports of smoking underestimates child exposure to SHS as measured by serum cotinine levels. Developing risk communication messages and implementing culturally appropriate interventions aimed at reducing tobacco dependence in rural Appalachian regions should be explored.
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