ArticleDiving and hyperbaric medicine2019
Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency.
Article in Diving and hyperbaric medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Critical flicker fusion frequency: confounders and caveats.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- A methodological framework for validating a multi-domain physiological sensor for divers using a scalable data fusion platform.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Cognitive risk during underwater exposure: from environmental stressors to assessment and context-aware monitoring.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Critical flicker fusion frequency assessment: robustness across photopic illumination in experienced divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Does Heart Rate Variability Predict Impairment of Operational Performance in Divers?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Narcotic Nitrogen Effects Persist after a Simulated Deep Dive.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Persistent neuroinflammation and functional deficits in a murine model of decompression sickness.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Effects of Oxygen Prebreathing on Bubble Formation, Flow-Mediated Dilatation, and Psychomotor Performance during Trimix Dives.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Physiological monitoring to prevent diving disorders.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Assessing Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Which Confounders? A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Dopamine/BDNF loss underscores narcosis cognitive impairment in divers: a proof of concept in a dry condition.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Does hyperbaric oxygen cause narcosis or hyperexcitability? A quantitative EEG analysis.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Comment on Mankowska et al. Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Oxygen-enriched air reduces breathing gas consumption over air.Current research in physiology · 2022Article
- Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Assessment of Alertness and Cognitive Performance of Closed Circuit Rebreather Divers With the Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency Test in Arctic Diving Conditions.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Investigating critical flicker fusion frequency for monitoring gas narcosis in divers.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Divers' Neuropsychometric Effectiveness and High-Pressure Neurological SyndromeFrontiers in physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCognitive impairment related to inert gas narcosis (IGN) is a threat to diving safety and operations at depth that might be reduced by using enriched air nitrox (EANx) mixtures. Using critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), a possible early detection of cognitive abilities/cerebral arousal impairment when breathing different oxygen (O2) fractions was investigated.
methodsEight male volunteers performed, in random order, two dry chamber dives breathing either air or EANx40 (40% O₂-60% nitrogen) for 20 minutes (min) at 0.4 MPa. Cognition and arousal were assessed before the dive; upon arrival at 0.4 MPa; after 15 min exposure at 0.4 MPa; on surfacing and 30 min post-dive using behavioural computer-based testing psychology experiment building language (PEBL) and by CFFF while continuously recording brain oxygenation with near-infrared spectroscopy.
resultsIn both breathing conditions, CFFF and PEBL demonstrated a significant inverse correlation (Pearson r of -0.90, P < 0.0001), improved cognitive abilities/cerebral arousal occurred upon arrival at 0.4 MPa followed by a progressive deterioration. Initial brain activation was associated with a significant increase in oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) and a simultaneous decrease of deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb). The magnitude of the changes was significantly greater under EANx (P = 0.038).
conclusionsSince changes were not related to haemodynamic variables, HbO₂ and HHb values indicate a significant, O₂-dependent activation in the prefrontal cortex. Owing to the correlation with some tests from the PEBL, CFFF could be a convenient measure of cognitive performance/ability in extreme environments, likely under the direct influence of oxygen partial pressure, a potent modulator of IGN symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.