SynthesisJournal of autism and developmental disorders2019
Early Life Exposure to Antibiotics and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association between Prenatal Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders among Children: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Early-Life β-Lactam Exposure and the Developing Microbiome: Clinical Relevance and Controversies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Microbiota Gut-Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Prevention and treatment of antibiotics-associated adverse effects through the use of probiotics: A review.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Review
- Prenatal Environmental Antibiotic Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Children at 3 Years of Age: Findings from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- The association between prenatal psychosocial factors and autism spectrum disorder in offspring at 3 years: a prospective cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Association between exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy or early infancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disorder, language disorder, and epilepsy in children: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Neonatal IL-4 Over-Exposure is Accompanied by Macrophage Accumulation in Dura Mater After Instant Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Response in CSF.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- A robust microbiome signature for autism spectrum disorder across different studies using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota research nexus: One Health relationship between human, animal, and environmental resistomes.mLife · 2023Review
- Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An Overview.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Modulation of Gut Microbiome as a Therapeutic Modality for Auditory Disorders.Audiology research · 2023Review
- Article
- Unveiling the interplay between NSAID-induced dysbiosis and autoimmune liver disease in children: insights into the hidden gateway to autism spectrum disorders. Evidence fromFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Exposure to Antibiotics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Could Probiotics Modulate the Gut-Brain Axis?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Maternal antibiotics disrupt microbiome, behavior, and temperature regulation in unexposed infant mice.Developmental psychobiology · 2022Article
- Novel probiotic treatment of autism spectrum disorder associated social behavioral symptoms in two rodent models.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We systematically reviewed evidence from observational studies on the associations between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early-life antibiotic exposure. Eleven articles were included in the review. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with a slightly increased risk of ASD in two cohort studies on overlapping populations and in one case-control study; in three other case-control studies, no significant association was found. One cohort study found a slightly reduced risk of ASD after postnatal antibiotic exposure, while two other cohort studies on overlapping populations and three case-control studies reported an increased risk. Meta-analysis of the eligible studies showed no significant associations. Current data are conflicting and do not conclusively support the hypothesis that early-life antibiotic exposure is associated with subsequent ASD development.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.