ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2019
Retinal Microvascular and Neurodegenerative Changes in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Compared with Control Participants.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms for Retinal Image Analysis in Neurodegenerative Disease: Systematic Review of Datasets and Models.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Retinal Biomarkers to Diagnose Dementia from OCT/OCTA Images.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic survey of advances in retinal imaging modalities for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Pooled it
- Optical coherence tomography angiography in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Association between retinal markers and cognition in older adults: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Retinal Microvascular Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Retinal Microvascular Features in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Optical Coherence Tomography in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Ischemic Stroke, and Dementia: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Quantitative ophthalmic posterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography and neurologic conditions: a review.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Retinal Vascularity Index in Parkinson's Disease.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Reduced Retinal Perfusion With Preserved Microvascular Network Density in Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Multimodal Imaging Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Multimodal imaging in neuro-ophthalmology.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Interactive effects of retinal biomarkers and sleep on cognition: longitudinal evidence from community-dwelling older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- The Retina as a Proxy for Brain Neurodegeneration: A Narrative Review on OCT-Based Retinal Imaging in the Early Detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- Combining OCT and OCT angiography improves differentiation of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- The diabetic retina-brain axis hypothesis in diabetic cognitive impairment: from pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic implications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Morphology-aware distillation for lightweight retinal vessel segmentation across fundus photography and OCT angiography.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- A multimodal machine-learning diagnostic model for Alzheimer's disease: integrating OCTA-derived retinal microvascular features and clinical variables.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEvaluate and compare the retinal microvasculature in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively intact controls using OCT angiography. OCT parameters were also compared.
designCross-sectional study.
participantsSeventy eyes from 39 AD participants, 72 eyes from 37 MCI participants, and 254 eyes from 133 control participants were enrolled.
methodsParticipants were imaged using Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 with AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and underwent cognitive evaluation with Mini-Mental State Examination.
main outcome measuresVessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in the SCP within the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 6-mm circle, 3-mm circle, and 3-mm ring were compared between groups. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, central subfield thickness (CST), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were also compared.
resultsAlzheimer's participants showed significantly decreased SCP VD and PD in the 3-mm ring (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and 3-mm circle (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004, respectively) and decreased SCP VD in the 6-mm circle (P = 0.047) compared with MCI and significantly decreased SCP VD and PD in the 3-mm ring (P = 0.008 and P = 0.004, respectively) and 3-mm circle (P = 0.015 and P = 0.009, respectively) and SCP PD in the 6-mm circle (P = 0.033) when compared with cognitively intact controls. There was no difference in SCP VD or PD between MCI and controls (P > 0.05). FAZ area and CST did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Alzheimer's participants showed significantly decreased GC-IPL thickness over the inferior (P = 0.032) and inferonasal (P = 0.025) sectors compared with MCI and significantly decreased GC-IPL thickness over the entire (P = 0.012), superonasal (P = 0.041), inferior (P = 0.004), and inferonasal (P = 0.006) sectors compared to controls. MCI participants showed significantly decreased temporal RNFL thickness (P = 0.04) compared with controls.
conclusionsAlzheimer's participants showed significantly reduced macular VD, PD, and GC-IPL thickness compared with MCI and controls. Changes in the retinal microvasculature may mirror small vessel cerebrovascular changes in AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.