ArticleMolecular medicine reports2019
Effect of metformin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in A172 glioma cells and its mechanisms.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose-dependent effects of Metformin on proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Metformin and glioma: Targeting metabolic dysregulation for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Metformin upregulates circadian gene PER2 to inhibit growth and enhance the sensitivity of glioblastoma cell lines to radiotherapy via SIRT2/G6PD pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Review
- Metformin and its potential influence on cell fate decision between apoptosis and senescence in cancer, with a special emphasis on glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Metformin use is associated with longer survival in glioblastoma patients with MGMT gene silencing.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Could Metformin and Resveratrol Support Glioblastoma Treatment? A Mechanistic View at the Cellular Level.Cancers · 2023Review
- Efficacy and safety of metformin plus low-dose temozolomide in patients with recurrent or refractory glioblastoma: a randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial (KNOG-1501 study).Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Obesity and lung cancer-a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Review
- Canagliflozin Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth and Proliferation by Activating AMPK.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Progranulin is an FMRP target that influences macroorchidism but not behaviour in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome.Current research in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Exploring the Mechanism of Adjuvant Treatment of Glioblastoma Using Temozolomide and Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Proliferative cells in racemose neurocysticercosis have an active MAPK signalling pathway and respond to metformin treatment.International journal for parasitology · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Metformin inhibits the proliferation of canine mammary gland tumor cells through the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathwayOncology letters · 2021Article
- The role of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in anticancer activity of metformin.Physiological research · 2021Review
- Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Metformin induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells.Anti-cancer drugs · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-06-25Author Unresponsive · Concerns/Issues about Data · Duplication of Data · Euphemisms for Duplication · Euphemisms for Plagiarism · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Plagiarism of Data · Unreliable Data · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/75FA52E75FCA9FE4EA146F3974F860
- Retracted
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of metformin on the inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of A172 human glioma cells in vitro and determine the underlying mechanism. The effects of metformin at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol/l) on the inhibition of A172 cell proliferation were detected using a 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Caspase‑3 activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The invasion and migration of cells were detected by Transwell assays. The levels of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated‑(p)AMPK and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein expression were detected by western blot analysis, and changes in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Compared with the control group, metformin significantly increased the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis, and significantly reduced the invasion and migration of A172 cells in dose‑ and time‑dependent manners (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, metformin significantly enhanced the activity of caspase‑3, increased the expression of AMPK/pAMPK/Bax proteins and reduced the expression of mTOR/Bcl‑2 proteins (P<0.05). Metformin increased the MDA content and reduced the activity of SOD in a dose‑dependent manner (P<0.05). Metformin may inhibit glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote its apoptosis; the effects may be associated with the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.