Trial reportInvestigational new drugs2019
A phase II study of the orally administered negative enantiomer of gossypol (AT-101), a BH3 mimetic, in patients with advanced adrenal cortical carcinoma.
Trial report in Investigational new drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- BCL-2 and BCL-xL in Cancer: Regulation, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The multifaceted functions of lactate and its translational potentials in cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Review
- Burning lactic acid: a road to revitalizing antitumor immunity.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Tumor Microenvironment Lactate: Is It a Cancer Progression Marker, Immunosuppressant, and Therapeutic Target?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Efficacy of systemic therapy in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- The RNA-binding protein LRPPRC promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition in lung cancer.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Advances in mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related drugs in glioblastoma treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Gossypol and Its Natural Derivatives: Multitargeted Phytochemicals as Potential Drug Candidates for Oncologic Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Systematic Review of Gossypol/AT-101 in Cancer Clinical Trials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cyclic RGD-Decorated Liposomal Gossypol AT-101 Targeting for Enhanced Antitumor Effect.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Gossypol, a novel modulator of VCP, induces autophagic degradation of mutant huntingtin by promoting the formation of VCP/p97-LC3-mHTT complex.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2021Article
- Targeting Protein Neddylation to Inactivate Cullin-RING Ligases by Gossypol: A Lucky Hit or a New Start?Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Review
- Gossypol inhibits cullin neddylation by targeting SAG-CUL5 and RBX1-CUL1 complexes.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- The Biological Role of LRPPRC in Human Cancers.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with treatment options of limited efficacy, and poor prognosis if metastatic. AT-101 is a more potent inhibitor of B cell lymphoma 2 family apoptosis-related proteins than its racemic form, gossypol, which showed preliminary clinical activity in ACC. We thus evaluated the efficacy of AT-101 in patients with advanced ACC. Methods Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic, recurrent, or primarily unresectable ACC were treated with AT-101 (20 mg/day orally, 21 days out of 28-day cycles) until disease progression and/or prohibitive toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate, wherein a Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) partial response rate of 25% would be considered promising and 10% not, with a Type I error of 10% and 90% power. In a 2-stage design, 2 responses were required of the first 21 assessable subjects to warrant complete accrual of 44 patients. Secondary endpoints included safety, progression-free survival and overall survival. Results This study accrued 29 patients between 2009 and 2011; median number of cycles was 2. Seven percent experienced grade 4 toxicity including cardiac troponin elevations and hypokalemia. None of the first 21 patients attained RECIST partial response; accordingly, study therapy was deemed ineffective and the trial was permanently closed. Conclusions AT-101 had no meaningful clinical activity in this study in patients with advanced ACC, but demonstrated feasibility of prospective therapeutic clinical trials in this rare cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.