Trial reportHepatology international2019
Sequential combination therapy with interferon, interleukin-2 and therapeutic vaccine in entecavir-suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients: the Endeavor study.
Trial report in Hepatology international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of AHB‑137 in healthy volunteers and chronic hepatitis B patients: a phase 1a/1b study.Hepatology international · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of entecavir, peginterferon alfa-2b and GM-CSF combination therapy: the anchor randomized controlled trial.Hepatology international · 2026Trial
- Response to letters to editor "Next-Step Paradigms for Hepatitis B Functional Cure: Insights from the Anchor Combination Therapy Trial" and "Critical Appraisal of the Anchor RCT on Entecavir, Peginterferon Alfa-2b, and GM-CSF Combination Therapy".Hepatology international · 2026Article
- [Advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases combined with viral hepatitis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Update on the treatment navigation for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: Expert consensus 2.0.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2025Review
- [Distribution characteristics of serum HBsAg levels in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B based on CR-HepB].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for HBsAg Seroclearance After Peg-IFN-Based Therapy: A Multicentre Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Observational
- Association of hepatitis B core antibody level and hepatitis B surface antigen clearance in HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B.Virulence · 2024Article
- Interferon-α could induce liver steatosis to promote HBsAg loss by increasing triglyceride level.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Hepatitis B cure: Current situation and prospects.World journal of hepatology · 2024Review
- Predictive factors for clinical cure in the treatment of HBeAg(-) chronic hepatitis B or compensated cirrhosis: a prospective observational study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- A high functional cure rate was induced by pegylated interferon alpha-2b treatment in postpartum hepatitis B e antigen-negative women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: an exploratory study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- [A study of the clinical curative effect of nucleos(t)ide analogues treated to pegylated interferon-α add-on therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (version 2022).Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Article
- The Important Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Liver Fibrosis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Serum cytokine change profile associated with HBsAg loss during combination therapy with PEG-IFN-α in NAs-suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- [Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2022)].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Article
- Interleukin-2 promotes pegylated interferon alpha for hepatitis B surface antigen loss: A retrospective pragmatic clinical study at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Regulatory T cells and their associated factors in hepatocellular carcinoma development and therapy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Mechanism of HBV-positive liver cancer cell exosomal miR-142-3p by inducing ferroptosis of M1 macrophages to promote liver cancer progression.Translational cancer research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSwitching from nucleos(t)ide analogues to interferon (IFN) improves hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. We aimed to evaluate whether combining immunomodulators such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and therapeutic vaccine with IFN enhances HBsAg loss in entecavir (ETV)-suppressed patients.
methodsNinety-four patients exhibiting virological suppression and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss following ETV treatment were randomized 1:1:1 to receive ETV (group I) or IFN (group II) for 48 weeks, or IFN and vaccine for 48 weeks plus IL-2 for 12 weeks (group III). The primary endpoint was HBsAg loss at week 48. Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) were measured as immune checkpoint indicators.
resultsMean HBsAg decline at week 48 was significantly greater in group III (0.85 log 10 IU/mL) and group II (0.74 log 10 IU/mL), than in group I (0.13 log 10 IU/mL). At week 48, 9.38%, 3.03%, and 3.70% of subjects in group III, II, and I, respectively, achieved HBsAg loss. Among patients with baseline HBsAg titers ranging from 100 to 1500 IU/mL, HBsAg loss rate was 27.3, 7.1, and 0% in group III, II, and I, respectively. Responders in group III showed a significantly higher increase in CD56
conclusionFor ETV-suppressed patients, particularly those with low baseline HBsAg levels, combination therapy with IFN and other immunomodulators may enhance HBsAg loss, while successful response correlates with partial restoration of NK cells and Tregs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.