ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2019
Optimizing radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on 40 cohorts incorporating 3697 individuals.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of cytokines on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis receiving radiotherapy and tislelizumab plus anlotinib: a single-center phase II clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiotherapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Tumor Thrombus: A Case Series and Review of Treatment Options.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Review
- Radiotherapy enhances M1 macrophage immunogenic activity through IFNs induction and stimulation in TP53-wild type tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Envafolimab - novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pancreatic metastasis from cervical cancer: A case report and literature review.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Sorafenib with or without co-interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Review
- Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) increases anti-PD-1 antitumor activity by enhancing the tumor immune microenvironment in mice with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Apolipoprotein E: A Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Abscopal effect: from a rare phenomenon to a new frontier in cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Gastric cancer fibroblasts affect the effect of immunotherapy and patient prognosis by inducing micro-vascular production.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Harnessing m1A modification: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Using Combination therapy to overcome diverse challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors treatment.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Exploration and validation of a combined Hypoxia and m6A/m5C/m1A regulated gene signature for prognosis prediction of liver cancer.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- Effect of Proton Therapy on Tumor Cell Killing and Immune Microenvironment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cells · 2023Article
- Identification of a novel peptide targeting TIGIT to evaluate immunomodulation ofFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- SIRT in 2025.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2022Review
- DEB-TACE combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy might be an affordable treatment option for advanced stage of HCC.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and its incidence is rapidly increasing in North America and Western Europe as well as South-East Asia. Patients with advanced stage HCC have very poor outcomes; therefore, the discovery of new innovative approaches is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has become a game-changer and revolutionized cancer treatment. A comprehensive understanding of tumor-immune interactions led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as new therapeutic tools, which have been used with great success. Targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) reinvigorates anti-tumor immunity by restoring exhausted T cells. Despite their effectiveness in several types of cancer, of the many immune suppressive mechanisms limit the efficacy of ICI monotherapy. Radiation therapy (RT) is an essential local treatment modality for a broad range of malignancies, and it is currently gaining extensive attention as a promising combination partner with ICIs because of its ability to trigger immunogenic cell death. The efficacy of combination approaches using RT and ICIs has been well documented in numerous preclinical and clinical studies on various types of cancers but not HCC. The application of ICIs has now expanded to HCC, and RT is recognized as a promising modality in HCC. This review will highlight the current roles of PD-1 and CTLA-4 therapies and their combination with RT in the treatment of cancers, including HCC. In addition, this review will discuss the future perspectives of the combination of ICIs and RT in HCC treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.