ArticleNeuron2019
SynGO: An Evidence-Based, Expert-Curated Knowledge Base for the Synapse.
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Article in Neuron, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 672 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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672citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
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Who cites it
672 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 996 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic landscape of adult executive function reveals a cell-type-specific developmental origin.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
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- The Cytoplasmic MicroRNA-Production Complex Regulates MicroRNA Sorting to Extracellular Vesicles During Synaptogenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Disorder-specific and shared genetic architecture underlying schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Gm26550 Modulates Learning and Memory by Increasing IGF1 mRNA Expression and Stability in Nrf2Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
612 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
73 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Frank KoopmansDepartment of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Pim van NieropDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Maria Andres-AlonsoRG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," ZMNH, University MC, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
Andrea ByrnesStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Tony CijsouwDepartment of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Marcelo P CobaZilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90333, USA.
L Niels CornelisseDepartment of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ryan J FarrellDepartment of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Hana L GoldschmidtSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Daniel P HowriganStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Natasha K HussainSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Cordelia ImigDepartment of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Arthur P H de JongDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Hwajin JungCenter for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, IBS, and Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
Mahdokht KohansalnodehiDepartment of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Barbara KramarzFunctional Gene Annotation, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
Noa LipsteinDepartment of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Ruth C LoveringFunctional Gene Annotation, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
Harold MacGillavryCell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Vittoria MarianoDepartment of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Huaiyu MiDivision of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Momchil NinovDepartment of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
David Osumi-SutherlandEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
Rainer PielotLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Karl-Heinz SmallaLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Haiming TangDivision of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Katherine TashmanStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Ruud F G ToonenDepartment of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Chiara VerpelliCNR Neuroscience Institute Milan and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.
Rita Reig-ViaderMolecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Kyoko WatanabeDepartment Complex Trait Genetics, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jan van WeeringDepartment of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Tilmann AchselDepartment of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Ghazaleh AshrafiDepartment of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Nimra AsiStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Tyler C BrownStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Pietro De CamilliDepartments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, HHMI, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Marc FeuermannSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Rebecca E FoulgerFunctional Gene Annotation, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
Pascale GaudetSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Anoushka JoglekarBrain and Mind Research Institute and Center for Neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Alexandros KanellopoulosDepartment of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Robert MalenkaNancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Roger A NicollDepartments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Camila PulidoDepartment of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Jaime de Juan-SanzDepartment of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Morgan ShengDepartment of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Thomas C SüdhofDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Hagen U TilgnerBrain and Mind Research Institute and Center for Neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Claudia BagniDepartment of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Àlex BayésMolecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Thomas BiedererDepartment of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nils BroseDepartment of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
John Jia En ChuaDepartment of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Neurobiology/Ageing Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
Daniela C DieterichLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Eckart D GundelfingerLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Casper HoogenraadCell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Richard L HuganirSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Reinhard JahnDepartment of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Pascal S KaeserDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Eunjoon KimCenter for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, IBS, and Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
Michael R KreutzRG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," ZMNH, University MC, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
Peter S McPhersonDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
Ben M NealeStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Vincent O'ConnorBiological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Danielle PosthumaDepartment Complex Trait Genetics, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Timothy A RyanDepartment of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Carlo SalaCNR Neuroscience Institute Milan and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.
Guoping FengStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Steven E HymanStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Paul D ThomasDivision of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
August B SmitDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: guus.smit@cncr.vu.nl.
Matthijs VerhageDepartment of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: matthijs@cncr.vu.nl.
Broad Institute · USLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology · DEUniversity of Southern California · USCornell University · USMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry · DEMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine · DEUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata · ITHarvard University · USInstitute for Basic Science · KRMIND Research Institute · USSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics · CHTufts University · USUniversity of Milan · ITUtrecht University · NLWeill Cornell Medicine · USAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLDiscovery Institute · USEuropean Bioinformatics Institute · GBHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US
Funding
Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Research CenterP30DA018343 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Marina R Picciotto · 2004 to 2026
$37.1MDissecting the assembly of vertebrate neurotransmitter release sites-Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related ResearchR01MH113349 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Pascal Simon Kaeser · 2017 to 2026
$6.1MMolecular Dissection of Active Zone Functions in Neurotransmitter ReleaseR01NS083898 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Pascal Simon Kaeser · 2014 to 2026
$5.9MMOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN SYNAPTIC VESICLE RECYCLINGR01NS036251 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI DE CAMILLI, PIETRO · 1997 to 2021
$4.7MArchitecture and Function of Striatal Dopamine Signaling MachineryR01NS103484 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Pascal Simon Kaeser · 2017 to 2026
$4.7MRegulation of postsynaptic protein interaction networks in complex brain disordersR01MH115005 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI COBA, MARCELO PABLO · 2018 to 2022
$2.9MMolecular Mechanisms in Synaptic Vesicle RecyclingR37NS036251 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI DE CAMILLI, PIETRO · 2010 to 2016
$2.7MMechanisms underlying a novel, fast form of homeostatic plasticity at excitatory synapsesR21MH115404 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI COBA, MARCELO PABLO, O'DELL, THOMAS J · 2018 to 2019
$455kRegulation of PSD phosphorylation and protein interactions networks by LTPR21MH113949 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI COBA, MARCELO PABLO · 2017 to 2018
$437kNIDA NIH HHS P30 DA018343NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113349NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115005NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH113949NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS036251NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS083898NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS103484NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS036251
Abstract
Synapses are fundamental information-processing units of the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is central to many brain disorders ("synaptopathies"). However, systematic annotation of synaptic genes and ontology of synaptic processes are currently lacking. We established SynGO, an interactive knowledge base that accumulates available research about synapse biology using Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to novel ontology terms: 87 synaptic locations and 179 synaptic processes. SynGO annotations are exclusively based on published, expert-curated evidence. Using 2,922 annotations for 1,112 genes, we show that synaptic genes are exceptionally well conserved and less tolerant to mutations than other genes. Many SynGO terms are significantly overrepresented among gene variations associated with intelligence, educational attainment, ADHD, autism, and bipolar disorder and among de novo variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. SynGO is a public, universal reference for synapse research and an online analysis platform for interpretation of large-scale -omics data (https://syngoportal.org and http://geneontology.org).
Indexed as
Gene OntologyProteomicsSoftwareAnimalsBrainDatabases, GeneticHumansKnowledge BasesSynapsesSynaptic PotentialsSynaptosomesenrichment studygene annotationGene Ontologygene set analysissynapsesynaptic plasticitysynaptic proteome networksynaptomesynaptopathies
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