ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2019
White Matter Hyperintensities and Hippocampal Atrophy in Relation to Cognition: The 90+ Study.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review.BMC family practice · 2020Pooled it
- Cerebral amyloid associated with global cognition is differentially moderated by pulse pressure across education levels in The 90+ Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Research hotspots and trend of the heart-brain axis by MRI: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Independent Role of White Matter Hyperintensity Volume and Location in Alzheimer's Disease Risk Beyond Hippocampal Atrophy.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Domain-specific longitudinal associations between brain volume, white matter lesions, and cognitive function changes.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Treatment of Shengqingtongqiao Decoction for mild cognitive impairment of white matter lesions study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Associations of Amyloid Burden, White Matter Hyperintensities, and Hippocampal Volume With Cognitive Trajectories in the 90+ Study.Neurology · 2024Observational
- The Different Associations of White Matter Hyperintensities With Severity of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment According to the Distance From the Lateral Ventricular Surface in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Over ninety years old: Does high cognitive reserve still help brain efficiency?Psychological research · 2024Article
- Resilience to AD pathology in Top Cognitive Performers.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Using Manual Motor Measures.Neuro-degenerative diseases · 2024Article
- Alcohol-induced damage to the fimbria/fornix reduces hippocampal-prefrontal cortex connection during early abstinence.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Physical activity levels in cognitively normal and cognitively impaired oldest-old and the association with dementia risk factors: a pilot study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- How general practitioners perceive the aging trajectory of oldest-old - A qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Correlation of blood pressure levels at different time periods throughout the day with total CSVD burden and MRI imaging markers.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Day to Day Blood Pressure Variability Associated With Cerebral Arterial Dilation and White Matter Hyperintensity.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Observational
- Bridging patterns of neurocognitive aging across the older adult lifespan.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- The shift from old age to very old age: an analysis of the perception of aging among older people.BMC primary care · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo study the interactive effect of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and hippocampal atrophy on cognition in the oldest old.
designOngoing longitudinal study.
settingIn Southern California, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were conducted between May 2014 and December 2017.
participantsIndividuals from The 90+ Study with a valid brain MRI scan (N = 141; 94 cognitively normal and 47 with cognitive impairment). MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive testing was performed every 6 months with a mean follow-up of 2 years and included these tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), modified MMSE (3MS), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) immediate recall over four trials and delayed recall, Digit Span Backward, Animal Fluency, and Trail Making Test (TMT) A, B, and C. We used one linear mixed model for each cognitive test to study the baseline and longitudinal association of WMH and hippocampal volume (HV) with cognition. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and education.
resultsMean age was 94.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 3.2 y). At baseline, higher WMH volumes were associated with worse scores on the 3MS, CVLT immediate and delayed recall, and TMT B. Lower HVs were associated with worse baseline scores on all cognitive tests, except for the Digit Span Backward. Longitudinally, higher WMH and lower HVs were associated with faster decline in the 3MS and MMSE, and lower HV was also associated with faster decline in the CVLT immediate recall. No association was observed between WMH and HV and no interaction between WMH and HV in their association with baseline cognition or cognitive decline.
conclusionWe show that WMH and hippocampal atrophy have an independent, negative effect on cognition that make these biomarkers relevant to evaluate in the diagnostic work-up of the oldest-old individuals with cognitive complaints. However, the predictive value of WMH for cognitive decline seems to be less evident in the oldest-old compared with a younger group of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1827-1834, 2019.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.