ArticleDiabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association2019
Achievement of Target A1C <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) by U.S. Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With Basal Insulin in Both Randomized Controlled Trials and Clinical Practice.
Article in Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Once-Weekly Insulin Efsitora Alfa Versus Once Daily Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Time for Using Machine Learning for Dose Guidance in Titration of People With Type 2 Diabetes? A Systematic Review of Basal Insulin Dose Guidance.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of patient-led versus physician-led titration of basal insulin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Smart Insulin Pen Cap for the Management of Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease using insulin: A VERTIS CV substudy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021 · on this mapTrial
- Effectiveness and Safety of Fixed-Dose Combination Metformin and Empagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective, Multicenter, Real-World Study From China.Journal of diabetes · 2026Observational
- Characterisation of steady-state pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Psychological burden in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes: prevalence, overlap and predictors of diabetes distress, depression and anxiety - a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Missed opportunities in diabetes care: unraveling therapeutic inertia and its predictors in resource-limited settings.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2025Article
- Impact of pharmacist-physician collaborative care on hemoglobin A1c and blood pressure quality measure achievement in primary care.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Update on the Status of Glucose-Responsive Insulins.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- A Pragmatic Rethinking of Glucose Monitoring for the Incarcerated.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Glycemic Control and Cardiometabolic Risk in Black Zimbabweans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Ease of Use of the iGlarLixi SoloStar Pen from the LixiLan ONE CAN Pen Sub-Study: Questionnaire Findings from People Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Their HealthCare Providers.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Initiation of iGlarLixi Versus Basal-Bolus Insulin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Advancing From Basal Insulin Therapy: The SoliComplex Real-World Study.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- Real-world outcomes of addition of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: The DELIVER-G study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Article
- Impact of a Digital Lifestyle Intervention on Diabetes Self-Management: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Individualized HbAAdvances in therapy · 2022Article
- Contemporary use of real-world data for clinical trial conduct in the United States: a scoping review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMany patients with type 2 diabetes do not reach glycemic goals despite basal insulin treatment. This study assessed the achievement of a target A1C <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) after initiation of basal insulin in two settings.
methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of pooled randomized controlled trial (RCT) data, from 11 24-week studies of patients initiating basal insulin performed between 2000 and 2005 and of outpatient electronic medical record (EMR) data from the General Electric Centricity database for insulin-naive patients initiating basal insulin between 2005 and 2012. Baseline characteristics stratified by target A1C and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) attainment were compared descriptively.
resultsIn the RCT dataset, 49.0% of patients failed to achieve the target A1C at 6 months versus 72.4% and 72.9% at 6 and 12 months in the EMR dataset, respectively. Despite this, in the RCT dataset, 79.4% of patients achieved the target A1C and/or an FPG <130 mg/dL. In the EMR dataset, only 47.6% and 47.3% of patients achieved an A1C <7.0% and/or FPG <130 mg/dL at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Overall, patients with an A1C >7.0% had a longer diabetes duration and were more likely to be female, nonwhite, and self-funding or covered by Medicaid. Among patients with an A1C >7.0%, more RCT patients (58.0%) had an FPG <130 mg/dL than EMR patients at 6 months (27.8%) and 12 months (27.7%).
conclusionUnmet needs remain after basal insulin initiation, particularly in real-world settings, where many patients require further insulin titration. In both populations, patients failing to achieve the target A1C despite attaining an FPG <130 mg/dL require interventions to improve postprandial control.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.