Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31167856›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2019

Public, health professional and legislator perspectives on the concept of psychiatric disease: a population-based survey.

Kari A O Tikkinen, Jarno Rutanen, Allen Frances, Brea L Perry, Brittany B Dennis, Arnav Agarwal, Amna Maqbool, Shanil Ebrahim, Janne S Leinonen, Teppo L N Järvinen and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kari A O TikkinenDepartments of Urology and Public Health, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-1389-8214
Jarno RutanenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Allen FrancesDepartment of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Brea L PerryDepartment of Sociology, Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Brittany B DennisDepartment of Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK.
Arnav AgarwalDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0931-7851
Amna MaqboolFaculty of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Shanil EbrahimDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Janne S LeinonenServices for Citizens Division, State Treasury, Helsinki, Finland.
Teppo L N JärvinenDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-3713-956X
Gordon H GuyattDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess which mental health-related states of being are perceived as diseases by psychiatrists, non-psychiatric physicians, nurses, parliament members and laypeople. DESIGN AND

settingA population-based, mailed survey in Finland.

participantsRespondents from a random sample of 3000 laypeople, 1500 physicians, 1500 nurses and all 200 members of the parliament (MPs) of Finland. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents' perspectives on 20 mental health-related states of being as diseases, measuring the extent of agreement with the claim: '[This state of being] is a disease'.

resultsOf the 6200 people approached, we received 3259 eligible responses (53%). Two conditions (schizophrenia and autism) were considered to be diseases by at least 75% and two states (grief and homosexuality) were considered not to be diseases by at least 75% in each group. A majority (at least 50% in each group) considered seven states as diseases (anorexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bulimia, depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and personality disorder) and three not to be diseases (absence of sexual desire, premature ejaculation and transsexualism). In six states, there was a wide divergence of opinion (alcoholism, drug addiction, gambling addiction, insomnia, social anxiety disorder and work exhaustion). Psychiatrists were significantly more inclined to considering states of being as diseases relative to other groups, followed by non-psychiatric physicians, nurses, MPs and laypeople.

conclusionsRespondents agreed that some conditions, such as schizophrenia and autism, are diseases and other states, such as grief and homosexuality, are not; for others, there was considerable disagreement. Psychiatrists are more inclined to consider mental health-related states of being as diseases compared with other physicians, who, in turn, are more inclined than other constituencies. Understanding notions of disease may underlie important debates in public policy and practice in areas of mental health and behaviour, and have implications for resource allocation and stigma.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelAttitude to HealthAdolescentAgedFemaleFinlandGovernmentHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedNursesPerceptionPhysiciansPoliticsPsychiatrydiagnosisDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersdisease definitionInternational Classification of Diseasesmental disorderspsychiatry

Identifiers

PMID31167856
PMCPMC6561450

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.