ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2019
Good glycemic control of gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with the attenuation of future maternal cardiovascular risk: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Probiotics on Glycemic Control and Metabolic Parameters in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- A scoping review exploring women's experiences of cardiometabolic pregnancy complications and future cardiovascular health implications.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Article
- Review
- Prevalence of gestational diabetes and associated risk factors among pregnant women.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus - more than the eye can see - a warning sign for future maternal health with transgenerational impact.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Review
- Non-Pharmacological Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with a High Fasting Glycemic Parameter: A Hospital-Based Study in Vietnam.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Risk prediction models for postpartum glucose intolerance in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a scoping review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Risk for fetal malformations and unfavorable neonatal outcomes in early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Influence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Diabetes Risk and Glycemic Control in a Retrospective Population-Based Cohort.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- The Incidence and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Cureus · 2023Review
- What is an appropriate gestational weight gain for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: based on the adverse pregnancy outcomes of over 12 thousand participants?Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Comparison of Parameters of Fetal Doppler Echocardiography Between Mothers with and Without Diabetes.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Development of type 2 diabetes in women with comorbid gestational diabetes and common mental disorders in the Born in Bradford cohort.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Maternal and infant outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 era in China: Lessons learned.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Adverse metabolic outcomes in the early and late postpartum after gestational diabetes are broader than glucose control.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Article
- Metformin Ameliorates Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Endothelial DysfunctionFrontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo examine whether glycemic control of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could modify the risk for future maternal metabolic and cardiovascular morbidities.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of women with a first diagnosis of GDM who delivered between 1991 and 2011. Women were divided into groups of good and poor glycemic control, defined as a mean daily glucose of up to 95 mg/dL (N = 230) and more than 95 mg/dL (N = 216), respectively. In addition, a control group of women without GDM (N = 352) was also analyzed. The primary outcomes were the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypertension, or dyslipidemia.
resultsMean follow-up time was 15.8 ± 5.1 years. Assessment was performed at a maternal age of 45 ± 7 years. The rates of the study outcomes in the control, GDM with good glycemic control and GDM with poor glycemic control were as follows: T2DM [19 (5.4%), 87 (38%), 127 (57%)]; hypertension [44 (13%), 42 (18%), 44 (20%)]; obesity [111 (32%), 112 (48%), 129 (58%)]; and dyslipidemia [49 (14%), 67 (29%), 106 (48%)]. Glycemic control was an independent risk factor for T2DM in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio (HR) for poor glycemic control vs. controls 10.7 95% CI [6.0-19.0], good glycemic control vs. control HR 6.0 [3.3-10.8], and poor glycemic control vs. good glycemic control HR 1.8 [1.3-2.4]). Glycemic control was also an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia (poor glycemic control vs. controls HR 3.7 [2.3-5.8], good glycemic control vs. controls HR 2.0 [1.2-3.2], and poor glycemic control vs. good glycemic control HR 1.8 1.8 [1.3-2.6]). The fasting glucose level during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also an independent risk factor for these complications. The interaction term between glycemic control and the fasting value of the OGTT was not statistically significant, suggesting that the effect of glycemic control on the rate of future T2DM and dyslipidemia was not modified by the baseline severity of GDM.
conclusionGDM and especially poor glycemic control are associated with T2DM and dyslipidemia. Strict glycemic control for reducing that risk should be evaluated in prospective trials.
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