ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2019
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: An Update.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Mendelian Randomization and Double Machine Learning Modeling Reveal Brain Imaging-Derived Phenotypes as Functional Contributors to 18 Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a comprehensive review of genetic, environmental, and immunological drivers.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- A machine learning model for predicting oligoclonal band positivity using routine cerebrospinal fluid and serum biochemical markers.American journal of clinical pathology · 2025Article
- Real-World Laboratory Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Centers in Central-Eastern European Countries Covering 107 Million Inhabitants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CSF biomarkers of B-cell activation in multiple sclerosis: a clinical perspective.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- The Potential of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Improving Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Review and Discussion of Mechanisms of Action.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid in humans is sensitive to various pre-analytical conditions: possible explanation and solution.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Association of Baseline Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein with Expanded Disability Status Score Dynamics in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins: A Review about the Contribution of OCBs and K-index.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology.Molecular brain · 2024Review
- Genetic Architecture and Functional Implications of the CSF-Contacting Nucleus.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Article
- Application of oligoclonal bands and other cerebrospinal fluid variables in multiple sclerosis and other neuroimmunological diseases: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis: the prevalence and its association with clinical features.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammatory disorders of the brain and inner ear: a systematic review of auditory function in patients with migraine, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegeneration to support the idea of an innovative 'window of discovery'.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- [Usefulness of the kappa index in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and validation of reference values in the Community of Aragon].Revista de neurologia · 2022Observational
- Factors Related to the Progression of Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study in Lithuania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Intrathecal Synthesis Index of Specific Anti-Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Reveals Rare Sialylated Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Adiponectin in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients Affected by Multiple Sclerosis Is Correlated with the Progression and Severity of Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with brain neurodegeneration. MS patients present heterogeneous clinical manifestations in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The diagnosis is very complex due to the high heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the disease. The diagnostic criteria have been modified several times over the years. Basically, they include clinical symptoms, presence of typical lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laboratory findings. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allows an evaluation of inflammatory processes circumscribed to the CNS and reflects changes in the immunological pattern due to the progression of the pathology, being fundamental in the diagnosis and monitoring of MS. The detection of the oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in both CSF and serum is recognized as the "gold standard" for laboratory diagnosis of MS, though presents analytical limitations. Indeed, current protocols for OCBs assay are time-consuming and require an operator-dependent interpretation. In recent years, the quantification of free light chain (FLC) in CSF has emerged to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of MS. This article reviews the current knowledge on CSF biomarkers used in the diagnosis of MS, in particular on the validated assays and on the alternative biomarkers of intrathecal synthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.