ReviewThe Journal of physiology2019
Fructose co-ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Guideline
- Hydrating with a higher-fructose sport drink does not worsen acute kidney injury risk during simulated work-related heat stress.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Trial
- Glycaemic Impact of Low- and High-Glycaemic Index Carbohydrate Diets in Ultra-Endurance Athletes: Insights From Continuous Glucose Monitoring.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Acute effects of intra-training carbohydrate ingestion in CrossFit® trained adults: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis with glucose, galactose, and combined galactose-glucose ingestion.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Trehalose Solutions at Different Concentrations on High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performance.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Glucose but not fructose ingestion improves endurance cycling performance despite similar neuromuscular fatigue at exhaustion.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Carbohydrate Ingestion on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Optimizing Performance Nutrition for Adolescent Athletes: A Review of Dietary Needs, Risks, and Practical Strategies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Precision nutrition in sports science: an opinion on omics-based personalization and athletic outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Neural and metabolic factors in carbohydrate reward: Rationale, design, and methods for a flavor-nutrient learning paradigm in humans.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Synergistic Effect of Compound Sugar with Different Glycemic Indices Combined with Creatine on Exercise-Related Fatigue in Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Designing New Sport Supplements Based onMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Role of Diets and Dietitians for Para-Athletes: A Pilot Study Based on Interviews.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Carbohydrate supplementation: a critical review of recent innovations.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbohydrate availability is important to maximize endurance performance during prolonged bouts of moderate- to high-intensity exercise as well as for acute post-exercise recovery. The primary form of carbohydrates that are typically ingested during and after exercise are glucose (polymers). However, intestinal glucose absorption can be limited by the capacity of the intestinal glucose transport system (SGLT1). Intestinal fructose uptake is not regulated by the same transport system, as it largely depends on GLUT5 as opposed to SGLT1 transporters. Combining the intake of glucose plus fructose can further increase total exogenous carbohydrate availability and, as such, allow higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates. Ingesting a mixture of both glucose and fructose can improve endurance exercise performance compared to equivalent amounts of glucose (polymers) only. Fructose co-ingestion can also accelerate post-exercise (liver) glycogen repletion rates, which may be relevant when rapid (<24 h) recovery is required. Furthermore, fructose co-ingestion can lower gastrointestinal distress when relatively large amounts of carbohydrate (>1.2 g/kg/h) are ingested during post-exercise recovery. In conclusion, combined ingestion of fructose with glucose may be preferred over the ingestion of glucose (polymers) only to help trained athletes maximize endurance performance during prolonged moderate- to high-intensity exercise sessions and accelerate post-exercise (liver) glycogen repletion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.