ReviewCurrent opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity2019
Hybrid insulin peptides are neo-epitopes for CD4 T cells in autoimmune diabetes.
Review in Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beta Cell Stress to Epitope Diversification: Post-Translationally Modified Antigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Discovery of Post-Translationally Modified Epitopes in Autoimmunity: Someone Has to Fish so Everyone Can Eat.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond Sequence: Posttranslational Remodeling of Antigens in Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- From Disposal to Display: Crinophagy as a β-Cell Source of Neoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications of Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- New and emerging therapies in type 1 diabetes mellitus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Tet2 modulates ER stress responses related to β-cell death and autoimmunity in diabetes.iScience · 2026Article
- Proinsulin C-peptide is a major source of HLA-DQ8 restricted hybrid insulin peptides recognized by human islet-infiltrating CD4PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Breakdown and Repair of Peripheral Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- Aire mediates tolerance to insulin through thymic trimming of high-affinity T cell clones.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- De novo identification of CD4Nature methods · 2024Article
- Epitope-based precision immunotherapy of Type 1 diabetes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Understanding Islet Autoantibodies in Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Review
- The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Molecular metabolism · 2023Review
- Congenital beta cell defects are not associated with markers of islet autoimmunity, even in the context of high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2022Article
- Review
- The dark side of insulin: A primary autoantigen and instrument of self-destruction in type 1 diabetes.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- Soluble Antigen Arrays Efficiently Deliver Peptides and Arrest Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes.Diabetes · 2021Article
- Review
- T-cell responses to hybrid insulin peptides prior to type 1 diabetes development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe current review covers recent advances in our knowledge of the newest autoantigen neo-epitopes in type 1 diabetes (T1D): hybrid insulin peptides or HIPs. These ligands for autoreactive T cells are formed by peptide fusion, a novel posttranslational modification process that we first reported in 2016. RECENT
findingsTwo major HIPs in the nonobese diabetic mouse model, ligands for diabetogenic CD4 T-cell clones, have been incorporated into tetramers and used to track HIP-reactive T cells during progression of disease. HIPs have also been used in strategies for induction of antigen-specific tolerance and show promise for delaying or reversing disease in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Importantly, CD4 T cells reactive to various HIPs have been detected in the islets and peripheral blood mononuclear cell of T1D patients and newly developed human T-cell clones are being employed to gather more data on the phenotype and function of HIP-reactive T cells in patients. SUMMARY: These new hybrid insulin peptide epitopes may provide the basis for establishing autoreactive T cells as biomarkers of disease and as potential tolerogens for treatment of T1D.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.