ArticleComputers, informatics, nursing : CIN2019
Comparative Cost of Virtual Reality Training and Live Exercises for Training Hospital Workers for Evacuation.
Article in Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Differences Between Exergaming Rehabilitation and Conventional Physiotherapy on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluating Whether Nonimmersion Virtual Reality Simulation Training Improves Nursing Competency in Isolation Wards: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Comparing Virtual Reality-Based and Traditional Physical Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Stations for Clinical Competency Assessments: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Enhancing Cancer Truth-Telling Perspectives Using Virtual Reality in Communication Skills Training: An Experimental Study Among Medical Students.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Training in Teaching Personal Protective Equipment Skills: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Virtual versus jaw simulation in Oral implant education: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2020Trial
- Improving Home Care Safety Among Informal Caregivers Through Immersive Digital Simulation: Secondary Analysis of 3 Coordinated Intervention Studies.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
- Self-efficacy in mass casualty incident training using mixed reality.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2026Article
- Medical Students' Experiences With Virtual Reality Simulation Training: Qualitative Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Stepping into the virtual ward: a qualitative study on first-year residents' experiences with VR simulation.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Harnessing the power of virtual reality technology to enhance public health genomics skills in Africa.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Virtual Reality for Developing Patient-facing Communication Skills in a Medical Science Graduate Education Course: A Mixed-Methods Pre-Post Study.Medical science educator · 2026Article
- From Conventional OSCE to Virtual Reality-Enhanced OSCE: A Narrative Review of Promise and Pitfalls in Medical Education.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Review
- Virtual Reality in Ophthalmic Surgical Education: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Acceptability of virtual reality for training health professions students in serious illness communication: A cross-sectional study with educators.PEC innovation · 2025Article
- The Effects of Virtual Reality Interventions on Motor Function Rehabilitation in Lower-Limb Amputees: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The role of remote and virtual surgical training in expanding cardiothoracic surgical capacity in low-resource regions.BMC surgery · 2025Review
- Integrating virtual reality to enhance remote teaching of anatomy during unprecedented times.Anatomy & cell biology · 2025Article
- Monitoring and evaluation in disaster management courses: a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The Utility of Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology: A Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adoption of virtual reality technology may be delayed due to high up-front costs with unknown returns on that investment. In this article, we present a cost analysis of using virtual reality as a training tool. Virtual reality was used to train neonatal intensive care workers in hospital evacuation. A live disaster exercise with mannequins was also conducted that approximated the virtual experience. Comparative costs are presented for the planning, development, and implementation of both interventions. Initially, virtual reality is more expensive, with a cost of $229.79 per participant (total cost $18 617.54 per exercise) for the live drill versus $327.78 (total cost $106 951.14) for virtual reality. When development costs are extrapolated to repeated training over 3 years, however, the virtual exercise becomes less expensive with a cost of $115.43 per participant, while the cost of live exercises remains fixed. The larger initial investment in virtual reality can be spread across a large number of trainees and a longer time period with little additional cost, while each live drill requires additional costs that scale with the number of participants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.