ArticleCell death & disease2019
Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ-deer antler.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- MiRNA Atlas: A Literature-Derived Database of MicroRNAs Bridging Osteoarthritis and Appendage Regeneration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pre-Regenerative Endothelial Cells Empowered by Antler Blood Exosomes Orchestrate Peripheral Nerve Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Antler stem cells effectively alleviate the symptoms of cerebral ischemic injury via immunomodulation of the spleen.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Accessory Antler Growing From the Left Zygomatic Bone of a Male Rusa Deer (Rusa timorensis).Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2026Article
- Approaching Scarless Wound Healing: From Passive Anti-Fibrotic to Proactive and Programmable Pro-Regenerative Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- Deer antler stem cell-derived exosomes: a regenerative medicine powerhouse from nature's own repair kit.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Application of stem cell-derived exosomes in skin wound healing: mechanisms, prospects, and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in deer antler research based on single-cell multi-omics approaches.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Deer antler ASCs exosomes ameliorate osteoarthritis via miR-140/MMP13 axis-mediated dual modulation of inflammation and cartilage regeneration.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- Antler stem cell-derived exosomes restore periodontal homeostasis in a rat model with diabetic periodontitis through enhancing ROS scavenging and osteogenesis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- The Development of Horns in Bovidae and the Genetic Mechanisms Underpinning This Process.Biology · 2025Review
- An effective approach to cartilage regeneration using antler stem cell-conditioned medium.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- ECM-Focused Proteomic Analysis of Ear Punch Regeneration inJournal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Antlers on does: An unexpected role of macrophages in deer biology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Local and systemic factors both required for full renewal of deer antlers, and systemic factors only for generic cutaneous regenerative healing.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025Review
- Characterizing therapeutic effects of velvet antler using different omics strategies.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Review
- Advancements in Stem Cell Applications for Livestock Research: A Review.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- RXFP2-positive mesenchymal stem cells in the antlerogenic periosteum contribute to postnatal development of deer antlers.Communications biology · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Deer antlers are extraordinary mammalian organs that can fully regenerate annually. Antler renewal is a stem cell-based epimorphic process and antler stem (AS) cells can initiate de novo generation of antlers in postnatal mammals. However, although being called stem cells, the AS cells have not been characterized at molecular level based on the stem cell criteria. Comprehensive characterization of the AS cells would undoubtedly help to decipher the mechanism underlying the full regeneration of deer antlers, the only case of stem cell-based epimorphic regeneration in mammals. In the present study, three types of AS cells (antlerogenic periosteal cells APCs, for initial pedicle and first antler formation; pedicle periosteal cells PPC, for annual antler regeneration; and reserve mesenchyme cells RMCs, for rapid antler growth), were isolated for comprehensive molecular characterization. A horn-growth-related gene, RXFP2, was found to be expressed only in AS cells lineages but not in the facial periosteal cells (FPCs, locates geographically in the vicinity of the APCs or PPCs), suggesting the RXFP2 might be a specific marker for the AS cell lineage in deer. Our results demonstrated that AS cells expressed classic MSC markers including surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105 and Stro-1. They also expressed some of the markers including Tert, Nestin, S100A4, nucleostemin and C-Myc, suggesting that they have some attributes of the ESCs. Microinjection of male APC into deer blastocysts resulted in one female foetus (110 days gestation) recovered with obvious pedicle primordia with both male and female genotype detected in the ovary. In conclusion, the AS cells should be defined as MSCs but with partial attributes of ESCs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.