SynthesisInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2019
Optimal timing of influenza vaccine during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are maternal vaccines effective and safe for mothers and infants? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ global health · 2023Pooled it
- mRNA Covid-19 vaccines in pregnancy: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Optimal timing of influenza vaccine during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Pooled it
- Missed opportunities for maternal immunisation against influenza and COVID-19, Norway, October 2023 to May 2024: a population-based registry study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Detailed investigation of B cell populations following vaccination and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Protective Effects of Influenza Vaccination in Pregnant Women and Their Infants: An Umbrella Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Trends in influenza vaccination and its determinants among pregnant French women between 2015 and 2020: A single-center study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Observational
- Clinical analysis of influenza in the neonatal intensive care unit.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- From Womb to World: Exploring the Immunological Connections between Mother and Child.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy Against Laboratory-Confirmed Seasonal Influenza Among Infants Under 6 Months of Age in Ontario, Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Maternal hybrid immunity and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalizations: national case-control study in Israel.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Influenza-associated respiratory illness among five cohorts of pregnant women and their young infants (0-6 months), Bangladesh, 2013-2017.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Maternal influenza vaccination preferentially boosts hemagglutinin stem-specific antibody resulting in efficient transplacental transfer of stem-specific IgG.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023Article
- Impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination on blood and breastmilk antibodies.PloS one · 2023Article
- Protecting the Offspring, the Gift of Maternal Immunization: Current Status and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Maternal immune response and placental antibody transfer after COVID-19 vaccination across trimester and platforms.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Maternal vaccination: a review of current evidence and recommendations.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPregnant women have an elevated risk of illness and hospitalisation from influenza. Pregnant women are recommended to be prioritised for influenza vaccination during any stage of pregnancy. The risk of seasonal influenza varies substantially throughout the year in temperate climates; however, there is limited knowledge of how vaccination timing during pregnancy impacts the benefits received by the mother and foetus.
objectivesTo compare antenatal vaccination timing with regard to influenza vaccine immunogenicity during pregnancy and transplacental transfer to their newborns.
methodsStudies were eligible for inclusion if immunogenicity to influenza vaccine was evaluated in women stratified by trimester of pregnancy. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres, stratified by trimester of vaccination, had to be measured at either pre-vaccination and within one month post-vaccination, post-vaccination and at delivery in the mother, or in cord/newborn blood. Authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE databases from inception until June 2016 and authors of identified studies were contacted for additional data. Extracted data were tabulated and summarised via random-effect meta-analyses and qualitative methods.
resultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses found that compared with women vaccinated in an earlier trimester, those vaccinated in a later trimester had a greater fold increase in HI titres (1.33- to 1.96-fold) and higher HI titres in cord/newborn blood (1.21- to 1.64-fold).
conclusionsThis review provides comparative analysis of the effect of vaccination timing on maternal immunogenicity and protection of the infant that is informative and relevant to current vaccine scheduling for pregnant women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.