Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31164605›Full record

ReviewMethods and protocols2019

A User's Guide to Cell-Free Protein Synthesis.

Nicole E Gregorio, Max Z Levine, Javin P Oza

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Methods and protocols, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
127citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Synthetic Biology Approaches to Enzymology in Food and Agriculture Systems.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Overcoming the eIF2α Brake in Human Cell-Derived Translation Systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  11. Artificial cells with liquid-liquid phase separation-regulated cell-free protein synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. A Lactose-BasedChem & bio engineering · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Virosomes: Beyond Vaccines.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Gene circuit-based sensors.Fundamental research · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nicole E GregorioCenter for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. negregor@calpoly.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7287-209X
Max Z LevineCenter for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. mzlevine@calpoly.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-8896-6632
Javin P OzaCenter for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. joza@calpoly.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2902-6939

Funding

National Science Foundation 1708919
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a platform technology that provides new opportunities for protein expression, metabolic engineering, therapeutic development, education, and more. The advantages of CFPS over in vivo protein expression include its open system, the elimination of reliance on living cells, and the ability to focus all system energy on production of the protein of interest. Over the last 60 years, the CFPS platform has grown and diversified greatly, and it continues to evolve today. Both new applications and new types of extracts based on a variety of organisms are current areas of development. However, new users interested in CFPS may find it challenging to implement a cell-free platform in their laboratory due to the technical and functional considerations involved in choosing and executing a platform that best suits their needs. Here we hope to reduce this barrier to implementing CFPS by clarifying the similarities and differences amongst cell-free platforms, highlighting the various applications that have been accomplished in each of them, and detailing the main methodological and instrumental requirement for their preparation. Additionally, this review will help to contextualize the landscape of work that has been done using CFPS and showcase the diversity of applications that it enables.

Indexed as

cell-free metabolic engineering (CFME)cell-free protein expression (CFPE)cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS)cell-free synthetic biologyin vitro protein synthesisin vitro transcription-translation (TX-TL)

Identifiers

PMID31164605
PMCPMC6481089

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.