ArticlemBio2019
Evolution of Superinfection Immunity in Cluster A Mycobacteriophages.
Article in mBio, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of phages in plant-associated microbial communities.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- Lethal permeabilization of host bacteria to small-molecule compounds during phage penetration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A novel temperate phage fromMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Integrated wet lab and in silico discovery and characterization of bacteriophages with antibiotic synergy against multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Century-Old Solution for 21st Century Challenges: Current Applications with a Focus on Biocontrol, Environmental Impacts, and Regulatory Perspectives.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Isolation, characterisation and potential applications of a novel bacteriophage targeting beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Density-dependent feedback and higher-order interactions enable coexistence in phage-bacteria community dynamics.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Mycobacteriophage Mcgavigan Uses Noncanonical Bxb1-Like Repressor for Heterotypic Superinfection Immunity.Journal of basic microbiology · 2026Article
- Complete Genome Annotation of Mycobacteriophage Kremtemulon.microPublication biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Enhanced efficiency of virulent and temperate phage combination mediated through bacterial membrane vesicles.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Synergy between ciprofloxacin and temperate phages overcomes therapeutic limitations caused by lysogen formation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of bacteriophages on gut microbiome functionality.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Genome synthesis, assembly, and rebooting of therapeutically useful high G+C% mycobacteriophages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Phage-Antibiotic Combinations for Pseudomonas: Successes in the Clinic and In Vitro Tenuously Connected.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- Genomic and Functional Characterization of Novel Phages Targeting Multidrug-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Description of two novel bacteriophages of the class Caudoviricetes that infect Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model bacterium in antiphage defense research.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Building permits-control of type IV pilus assembly by PilB and its cofactors.Journal of bacteriology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Temperate phages encode an immunity system to control lytic gene expression during lysogeny. This gene regulatory circuit consists of multiple interacting genetic elements, and although it is essential for controlling phage growth, it is subject to conflicting evolutionary pressures. During superinfection of a lysogen, the prophage's circuit interacts with the superinfecting phage's circuit and prevents lytic growth if the two circuits are closely related. The circuitry is advantageous since it provides the prophage with a defense mechanism, but the circuitry is also disadvantageous since it limits the phage's host range during superinfection. Evolutionarily related phages have divergent, orthogonal immunity systems that no longer interact and are heteroimmune, but we do not understand how immunity systems evolve new specificities. Here, we use a group of Cluster A mycobacteriophages that exhibit a spectrum of genetic diversity to examine how immunity system evolution impacts superinfection immunity. We show that phages with mesotypic (i.e., genetically related but distinct) immunity systems exhibit asymmetric and incomplete superinfection phenotypes. They form complex immunity networks instead of well-defined immunity groups, and mutations conferring escape (i.e., virulence) from homotypic or mesotypic immunity have various escape specificities. Thus, virulence and the evolution of new immune specificities are shaped by interactions with homotypic and mesotypic immunity systems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.