ArticleCancer immunology research2019
Inhibition of the NKp44-PCNA Immune Checkpoint Using a mAb to PCNA.
Article in Cancer immunology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The NKp44-1 Isoform Is an Activating Receptor for PDGF-DD Expressed on Natural Killer Cells.Cancers · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer analysis identifies FAM111B as a biomarker for immune suppression microenvironment in low-grade gliomas.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Cell-Surface PCNA Is Co-Expressed with Biomarkers of Stemness and Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Transforming cancer immunotherapy: integration of distinct immune-based approaches as redefined dual immunotherapy with potential third-sensitizer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Barcoded Orthotopic Patient-Derived Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model Demonstrating Clonal Stability and Maintenance of Cancer Driver Mutational Landscape.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- DDX54 downregulation enhances anti-PD1 therapy in immune-desert lung tumors with high tumor mutational burden.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Resolving tumor microenvironment heterogeneity to forecast immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer through multi-scale analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Natural Killer Cell Immune Checkpoints and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Cancer Treatment.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Targeting PCNA/PARP1 axis inhibits the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Prospective Molecular Targets for Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cells · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Vincristine Enhances the Efficacy of MEK Inhibitors in Preclinical Models of KRAS-mutant Colorectal Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2023Article
- Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy in Next-Generation Humanized Mice.Cancers · 2023Review
- NKp44-Derived Peptide Used in Combination Stimulates Antineoplastic Efficacy of Targeted Therapeutic Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
- Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Blocking the PCNA/NKp44 Checkpoint to Stimulate NK Cell Responses to Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- All About (NK Cell-Mediated) Death in Two Acts and an Unexpected Encore: Initiation, Execution and Activation of Adaptive Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
mAb-based blocking of the immune checkpoints involving the CTLA4-B7 and PD1-PDL1 inhibitory axes enhance T-cell-based adaptive immune responses in patients with cancer. We show here that antitumor responses by natural killer (NK) cells can be enhanced by a checkpoint-blocking mAb, 14-25-9, which we developed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA is expressed on the surface of cancer cells and acts as an inhibitory ligand for the NK-cell receptor, NKp44-isoform1. We tested for cytoplasmic- and membrane-associated PCNA by FACS- and ImageStream-based staining of cell lines and IHC of human cancer formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. The mAb, 14-25-9, inhibited binding of chimeric NKp44 receptor to PCNA and mostly stained the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells, whereas commercial antibody (clone PC10) stained nuclear PCNA. NK functions were measured using ELISA-based IFNγ secretion assays and FACS-based killing assays. The NK92-NKp44-1 cell line and primary human NK cells showed increased IFNγ release upon coincubation with mAb 14-25-9 and various solid tumor cell lines and leukemias. Treatment with 14-25-9 also increased NK cytotoxic activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.