Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31164095›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2019

Ethnic differences in the risk of caesarean section: a Danish population-based register study 2004-2015.

Trine Damsted Rasmussen, Sarah Fredsted Villadsen, Per Kragh Andersen, Tine Dalsgaard Clausen, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. The Role of Ethnicity and Migration in Perinatal Inequalities: A Retrospective Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Gestational Diabetes and International Migration.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Trine Damsted RasmussenSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Postbox 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark. trdr@sund.ku.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-9765
Sarah Fredsted VilladsenSection of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Postbox 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Per Kragh AndersenSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5 opg. B, Postbox 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Tine Dalsgaard ClausenDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjællands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400, Hillerød, Denmark.
Anne-Marie Nybo AndersenSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Postbox 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
University of Copenhagen · DKNordsjællands Hospital · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies have shown differences in the risk of caesarean section (CS) between ethnic minority groups. This could be a marker of unequal health care. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the risk of CS between immigrants of various origins in Denmark, where all health care is free and easy to access, and Danish-born women. A further aim was to determine the possible influence of known risk factors for CS.

methodsThe design was a population-based register study using national Danish registers and included all live- and stillborn singleton deliveries by primiparous women in Denmark from 2004 to 2015. The total study population consisted of 298,086 births, including 25,198 births to women from the 19 largest immigrant groups in Denmark. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRR) of emergency and planned CS, using vaginal delivery (VD) as reference, in immigrant women compared to Danish-born women. A number of known risk factors were included separately.

resultsWomen from Turkey, the Philippines, Thailand, Somalia, Vietnam, Iran and Afghanistan had a statistically significant elevated risk ratio of emergency CS vs. VD compared to Danish-born women; adjusted RRR's ranging 1.15-2.19. The risk ratio of planned CS vs. VD was lower among the majority of immigrant groups, however higher among women from Poland, Thailand and Iran, when compared to Danish-born women. None of the studied explanatory variables affected the risk ratio of planned CS vs. VD, whereas maternal height contributed with varying strength to the risk ratio of emergency CS vs. VD for all immigrant groups.

conclusionSubstantial variations in CS risks by maternal country of birth were documented. Some of the disparities in emergency CS seem to be explained by maternal height.

Indexed as

Risk AssessmentAdultCesarean SectionDenmarkEmigrants and ImmigrantsFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHumansMinority GroupsPregnancyPregnancy OutcomeRegistriesRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsCaesarean sectionDisparitiesEthnicityImmigrantsRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID31164095
PMCPMC6549278
OpenAlexW2948370479

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.