ArticlePloS one2019
Stress and strain among merchant seafarers differs across the three voyage episodes of port stay, river passage and sea passage.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Study of Psychometric Instruments and Constructs of Work-Related Stress among Seafarers: A Qualitative Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Suicide among transport industry workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2022Pooled it
- Mental health and psychological wellbeing of maritime personnel: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Measurement Methods of Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Sleep Behaviour Aboard Ships: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Heart rate variability as a strain parameter in maritime settings: a scoping review of methodological approaches to data collection and analysis in field studies on the high seas.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2026Review
- Burnout and Safety Behaviors in Maritime Operations: A Multilevel Analysis of Engagement, Quality of Life, and Work-Family Conflict.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Well-being, physical activity and health promotion among officers and ratings on board cargo ships: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Social and economic wellbeing of seafarers across coastal Nigeria amidst Corona virus disease.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Psychosocial issues and sleep quality among seafarers: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Analysis of Marine-Pilot Biometric Data Recordings during Port-Approach Using a Full-Mission Simulator.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mental health problems and their related factors among seafarers: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and mental health assessment of seafarers working on ocean-going vessels during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Online survey among maritime pilots: job-related stress and strain and the effects on their work ability.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2021Article
- Reply to Comment on Oldenburg, M., Jensen, H.J. Stress and Strain among Seafarers Related to the Occupational Groups.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- The Mediating Effect of Well-Being, Happiness, and Trust in the Relationship Between Work-Life Balance and Work Effectiveness in Seafarers.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA sea voyage is characterized by a variety of work requirements for the ship's crew, basically reflected in three voyage episodes: port stay, river passage and sea passage. The primary aim of this study was to compare stress and strain amongst a sample of merchant seafarers across these three voyage episodes.
methodsIn a cross-sectional maritime field study, 323 sailors on 22 container ships were biometrically surveyed and completed a questionnaire. In addition, a survey of energy expenditure and heart rate (variability) was carried out in parallel with 236 participants with the SenseWear armband monitor and the RS 800 polar watch.
resultsPort stay and sea passage each accounted for the largest proportion of the ships' journeys, each at around 40%. The study participants rated port stay with 37.8% as the voyage episode with the highest strain, followed by the river passage (24.8%) and then the sea passage (13.0%). The working time during the sea passage was on average shorter than during port stay or the river passage (p<0.001)-as a result, seafarers had more spare time to spend on leisure and sleep. Total energy turnover and, by trend, work energy turnover were notably at the lowest during the sea passage. In particular, the crew had a significantly lower heart rate during the sea passage than during the other two voyage episodes (p = 0.001). Furthermore, there was no difference in the seafarers' heart rate variability between the voyage episodes.
conclusionIn the present study, it becomes clear that an accumulation of psychophysical stress takes place during port stay and leads to a subjectively and objectively higher strain level. In contrast, seafarers are more likely to recover during the sea passage. This knowledge should be used to offer ships' crews targeted health measures, in particular during the sea passage.
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