ArticlePloS one2019
Delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines in in vitro reconstituted virus-like particles.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein Nanocages as Versatile Vectors for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Main Systems and Their Loading Mechanisms.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Dendritic cell vaccines: Current research progress, challenges, and opportunities.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- A self-amplifying RNA vector based on rubella virus for mRNA therapeutics and vaccine applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Packaging of Single-Stranded RNA in Viruses and Virus-Like Particles.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Armored RNA technology as a clinical diagnostics tool for future pandemic preparedness.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Comparative analyses for plant virus-based cancer immunotherapy drug development.Cell biomaterials · 2025Article
- A replicon-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate delivered by tobacco mosaic virus-like particles.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Replicon RNA vaccines: design, delivery, and immunogenicity in infectious diseases and cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Self-Amplifying RNA: Advantages and Challenges of a Versatile Platform for Vaccine Development.Viruses · 2025Review
- How much genetic information in RNA form can be protected by a CCMV virus-like particle?PloS one · 2025Article
- A Self-Amplifying Human Papillomavirus 16 Vaccine Candidate Delivered by Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Like Particles.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- mRNA vaccines in tumor targeted therapy: mechanism, clinical application, and development trends.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Article
- mRNA Delivery Systems Based on Protein Nanocages: How Far Can We Go?Biodesign research · 2024Review
- Plant Expression of Trans-Encapsidated Chimeric Viral Vaccines with Animal RNA Replicons: An Update.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Significance of VLPs in Vlp-circRNA vaccines: a vaccine candidate or delivery vehicle?RNA biology · 2024Review
- Review
- microRNA-181a silencing by antisense oligonucleotides delivered by virus-like particles.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2023Article
- Advances of mRNA vaccine in tumor: a maze of opportunities and challenges.Biomarker research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many mRNA-based vaccines have been investigated for their specific potential to activate dendritic cells (DCs), the highly-specialized antigen-presenting cells of the immune system that play a key role in inducing effective CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. In this paper we report a new vaccine/gene delivery platform that demonstrates the benefits of using a self-amplifying ("replicon") mRNA that is protected in a viral-protein capsid. Purified capsid protein from the plant virus Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) is used to in vitro assemble monodisperse virus-like particles (VLPs) containing reporter proteins (e.g., Luciferase or eYFP) or the tandem-repeat model antigen SIINFEKL in RNA gene form, coupled to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from the Nodamura insect virus. Incubation of immature DCs with these VLPs results in increased activation of maturation markers - CD80, CD86 and MHC-II - and enhanced RNA replication levels, relative to incubation with unpackaged replicon mRNA. Higher RNA uptake/replication and enhanced DC activation were detected in a dose-dependent manner when the CCMV-VLPs were pre-incubated with anti-CCMV antibodies. In all experiments the expression of maturation markers correlates with the RNA levels of the DCs. Overall, these studies demonstrate that: VLP protection enhances mRNA uptake by DCs; coupling replicons to the gene of interest increases RNA and protein levels in the cell; and the presence of anti-VLP antibodies enhances mRNA levels and activation of DCs in vitro. Finally, preliminary in vivo experiments involving mouse vaccinations with SIINFEKL-replicon VLPs indicate a small but significant increase in antigen-specific T cells that are doubly positive for IFN and TFN induction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.