ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2019
Ancestral chytrid pathogen remains hypervirulent following its long coevolution with amphibian hosts.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses.Ecology letters · 2024Pooled it
- Overcoming Detection Lag in a Cryptic Panzootic: Chytrid Invasion Linked to Historically Enigmatic Amphibian Declines in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Changes to Skin Microbiome Community Dynamics Support Resistance to Enzootic and Epizootic Strains of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in the Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum).Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Physiological and Skin Microbiome Divergence Among Closely Related Anurans Co-Occurring in Agricultural Wetlands.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Host Genus and Habitat Use Shape the Distribution ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Analysis of Reproductive Strategies and Immunological Interactions inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Environment predictsEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- AmphibianVirulence · 2023Article
- Associations of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis with skin bacteria and fungi on Asian amphibian hosts.ISME communications · 2023Article
- Current State of Conservation Physiology for Amphibians: Major Research Topics and Physiological Parameters.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Pathogenic selection promotes adaptive immune variations against serious bottlenecks in early invasions of bullfrogs.iScience · 2023Article
- Conserved Evolution of MHC Supertypes among Japanese Frogs Suggests Selection for Bd Resistance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The two chytrid pathogens of amphibians in Eurasia-climatic niches and future expansion.BMC ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is associated with erosion of frog immunogenetic diversity and increased fungal infections.Immunogenetics · 2022Article
- Endemic Lineages ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Distribution and Genetic Diversity of the Amphibian Chytrid in Japan.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Chytridiomycosis in Asian Amphibians, a Global Resource forJournal of the Indian Institute of Science · 2021Review
- Early-diverging fungal phyla: taxonomy, species concept, ecology, distribution, anthropogenic impact, and novel phylogenetic proposals.Fungal diversity · 2021Review
- Chytrid fungi and global amphibian declines.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many amphibian species around the world, except in Asia, suffer morbidity and mortality when infected by the emerging infectious pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). A lineage of the amphibian chytrid fungus isolated from South Korean amphibians (BdAsia-1) is evolutionarily basal to recombinant global pandemic lineages (BdGPL) associated with worldwide amphibian population declines. In Asia, the Bd pathogen and its amphibian hosts have coevolved over 100 years or more. Thus, resilience of Asian amphibian populations to infection might result from attenuated virulence of endemic Bd lineages, evolved immunity to the pathogen or both. We compared susceptibilities of an Australasian amphibian, Litoria caerulea, known to lack resistance to BdGPL, with those of three Korean species, Bufo gargarizans, Bombina orientalis and Hyla japonica, after inoculation with BdAsia-1, BdGPL or a blank solution. Subjects became infected in all experimental treatments but Korean species rapidly cleared themselves of infection, regardless of Bd lineage. They survived with no apparent secondary effects. By contrast, L. caerulea, after infection by either BdAsia-1 or BdGPL, suffered deteriorating body condition and carried progressively higher Bd loads over time. Subsequently, most subjects died. Comparing their effects on L. caerulea, BdAsia-1 induced more rapid disease progression than BdGPL. The results suggest that genomic recombination with other lineages was not necessary for the ancestral Bd lineage to evolve hypervirulence over its long period of coevolution with amphibian hosts. The pathogen's virulence may have driven strong selection for immune responses in endemic Asian amphibian host species.
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