ReviewDrugs & aging2019
Old Drugs, New Delivery Systems in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Drugs & aging, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A computational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic framework for simulating and comparing individualized levodopa dosing in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Inhaled levodopa for threatening impending OFF episodes in managing Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Effective Management of "OFF" Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: Emerging Treatment Strategies and Unmet Clinical Needs.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- A deep eutectic-based, self-emulsifying subcutaneous depot system for apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Oral Health Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: More than Meets the Eye.Journal of Parkinson's diseaseReview
- Apomorphine: The Initial Indian Experience in Relation to Response Tests and Pumps.Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Levodopa is the mainstay of treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD). As the disease progresses, variations in plasma levodopa levels lead to motor fluctuations. The common reasons behind variations in the plasma levels include delayed gastric emptying, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, protein interaction with levodopa absorption, and limited oral bioavailability of levodopa. Efforts to find newer delivery systems for older drugs to avoid the problems associated with oral delivery of medications are continuing. This review aims to provide up-to-date information about the newer delivery options for drugs used for PD and provides a summary of infusion therapy with apomorphine, modifications to other dopamine agonists, various oral formulations of carbidopa/levodopa, inhaled levodopa, intrajejunal infusion of levodopa, and sublingual apomorphine. The advantages, dose, and adverse effects of each treatment modality are reviewed. We also discuss several drugs under investigation, such as the subcutaneous carbidopa/levodopa infusion and subcutaneous rotigotine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.