ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2020
Natural Antibodies: from First-Line Defense Against Pathogens to Perpetual Immune Homeostasis.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoglobulins with Non-Canonical Functions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease States.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- G protein-coupled receptor autoantibody expression patterns in adults with decelerated biological aging mirror pediatric profiles.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring the significance of IgM expression in the lymphatic system during breast cancer progression.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Do human B-1 lymphocytes truly exist?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Patients Suffering From Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Feature Enhanced Antibody Reactivity Towards Specific Linear Epitopes Within EBV EBNA1.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibody Polyreactivity: A Challenger of Immune Paradigms.Immunology · 2025Review
- COVID-19-associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and the Role of IVIG Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Integrative and Emerging Models in Antibody Research: A Comprehensive Review.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- Review
- The impact of blood on vector-borne diseases with emphasis on mosquitoes and sand flies.Trends in parasitology · 2025Review
- Pushing the Survival Bar Higher: Two Decades of Innovation in Lung Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Not All Arms of IgM Are Equal: Following Hinge-Directed Cleavage by Online Native SEC-Orbitrap-Based CDMS.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2024Article
- Genetic Variation in Natural and Induced Antibody Responses in Layer Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Stimbiotics to Sows on Lactation Performance, Immune Function, and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacities during Late Gestation and Lactation.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Altered Levels of Natural Autoantibodies against Heat Shock Proteins in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Antigen specificity affects analysis of natural antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Hydrolysis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides on the Microarray Surface and in Solution by Catalytic Anti-DNA Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural antibodies (nAbs) are most commonly defined as immunoglobulins present in the absence of pathological conditions or deliberate immunizations. Occurrence of nAbs in germ- and antigen-free mice suggest that their production is driven, at least in part, by self-antigens. Accordingly, nAbs are constituted of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs), and can belong to the IgM, IgG, or IgA subclasses. These nAbs provide immediate protection against infection while the adaptive arm of the immune system mounts a specific and long-term response. Beyond immediate protection from infection, nAbs have been shown to play various functional roles in the immune system, which include clearance of apoptotic debris, suppression of autoimmune and inflammatory responses, regulation of B cell responses, selection of the B cell repertoires, and regulation of B cell development. These various functions of nAbs are afforded by their reactivity, which is broad, cross-reactive, and shown to recognize evolutionarily fixed epitopes shared between foreign and self-antigens. Furthermore, nAbs have unique characteristics that also contribute to their functional roles and set them apart from antigen-specific antibodies. In further support for the role of nAbs in the protection against infections and in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, the therapeutic preparation of polyclonal immunoglobulins, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), rich in nAbs is commonly used in the replacement therapy of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and in the immunotherapy of a large number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we review several topics on nAbs features and functions, and therapeutic applications in human diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.