Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31160451›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019

Earliest known Oldowan artifacts at >2.58 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia, highlight early technological diversity.

David R Braun, Vera Aldeias, Will Archer, J Ramon Arrowsmith, Niguss Baraki, Christopher J Campisano, Alan L Deino, Erin N DiMaggio, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Blade Engda and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  9. Flake production: A universal by-product of primate stone percussion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
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  13. 3.3 million years of stone tool complexity suggests that cumulative culture began during the Middle Pleistocene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
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  16. Review
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  19. Human cooperation and evolutionary transitions in individuality.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

David R BraunCenter for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052; david_braun@gwu.edu.
Vera AldeiasDepartment of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Will ArcherDepartment of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
J Ramon ArrowsmithSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
Niguss BarakiDepartment of Archaeology and Heritage Management, Main Campus, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Christopher J CampisanoInstitute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
Alan L DeinoBerkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709.
Erin N DiMaggioDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
Guillaume Dupont-NivetCNRS, Géosciences Rennes-UMR 6118, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.ORCID 0000-0001-9905-9739
Blade EngdaAuthority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
David A FearySchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
Dominique I GarelloSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
Zenash KerfelewAuthority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Shannon P McPherronDepartment of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
David B PattersonCenter for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052.
Jonathan S ReevesCenter for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052.ORCID 0000-0002-2017-0539
Jessica C ThompsonDepartment of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.
Kaye E ReedInstitute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The manufacture of flaked stone artifacts represents a major milestone in the technology of the human lineage. Although the earliest production of primitive stone tools, predating the genus

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalArtifactsBiological EvolutionEthiopiaFossilsHumansPaleontologyTechnologycultural evolutionHomoOldowanpaleoanthropologystone tools

Identifiers

PMID31160451
PMCPMC6575601

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.