Trial reportKorean journal of anesthesiology2019
Ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve block with botulinum toxin for patients with chronic headache in the occipital area: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Korean journal of anesthesiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perineural Administration of Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.Pain research & management · 2026Review
- Review
- Structure-based medical acupuncture for greater occipital neuralgia: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- The atlantomastoid: a muscle variant relevant to point-of-care ultrasound?Journal of ultrasonography · 2024Article
- Efficacy of Botulinum Type A Injection for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia and Pruritus Persisting for More Than Four Years-A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Occipital nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with refractory occipital neuralgia.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Pulsed Radiofrequency Neuromodulation of the Greater Occipital Nerve for the Treatment of Headache Disorders in Adults: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2024Article
- Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Migraines: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Cluster headache: state of the art in treatment.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Greater occipital nerve blockade using ultrasound guidance for the headache of spontaneous intracranial hypotension - A case report.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2022Article
- Comparison of analgesic effects and postoperative cognitive function following total knee arthroplasty: continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl vs. ultrasound-guided continuous femoral nerve block with ropivacaine.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Type A Action on Pain.Toxins · 2019Review
- Nerve blocks for occipital headaches: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUltrasound-guided greater occipital nerve (GON) block has been frequently used to treat various types of headaches, and botulinum toxin has recently begun to be used in patients with headache. Our study presents the long-term effect of botulinum toxin on GON block using ultrasound in patients with chronic headache in occipital area.
methodsPatients with occipital headache were divided into two groups (bupivacaine: BUP group [n = 27], botulinum toxin: BTX group [n = 27]), and ultrasound-guided GON block was performed at the C2 level. GON was detected with ultrasound and distance from GON to midline, from the skin surface to GON, and size of GON were measured in both groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Likert scale were assessed at pretreatment and at 1, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after treatment in both groups.
resultsThe distance from GON to midline was 18.9 ± 4.4 mm (right) and 17.3 ± 3.8 mm (left). The depth from the skin was 12.9 ± 1.5 mm (right) and 13.4 ± 1.6 mm (left). GON size was 3.1 mm on both sides. The VAS score and patient satisfaction score (Likert scale) in 4, 8, and 24 weeks after injection were superior for the BTX than the BUP group.
conclusionsUltrasound-guided GON block using BTX is effective in reducing short-term and long-term pain in patients with chronic headache in the occipital area.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.