ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2019
Gamma Band Light Stimulation in Human Case Studies: Groundwork for Potential Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06889025 (Electric and Physiological Markers, Underlying Mechanisms and Modulation of Cognitive Functioning and Therapeutic Improvement in Response to tACS/CBTp), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Electric and Physiological Markers, Underlying Mechanisms and Modulation of Cognitive Functioning and Therapeutic Improvement in Response to tACS/CBTp (Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Applied at the Beginning of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis Session) in Combination With the Usual Pharmacological Treatment in Schizophrenia
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring neural entrainment and synchrony in response to repeated 60 Hz flickering white light in healthy volunteers.PloS one · 2025Trial
- High intensity 40 Hz flicker improves amyloid pathology and cognition with autophagy in 3xTg mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Hippocampal rhythm modulation via frequency-tuned trigeminal nerve stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Improvement in People With Schizophrenia Undergoing tACS/CBTp (Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis) Associated With Usual Medication Regimen: Protocol for a Pilot, Randomized, Single-Blind Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Review
- Visual gamma stimulation induces 40 Hz neural oscillations in the human hippocampus and alters phase synchrony and lag.Communications biology · 2025Article
- VR-based gamma sensory stimulation: a pilot feasibility study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating Gamma Frequency Band PSD in Alzheimer's Disease Using qEEG from Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed Resting States.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- 40 Hz visual stimulation during sleep evokes neuronal gamma activity in NREM and REM stages.Sleep · 2025Article
- Innovations in noninvasive sensory stimulation treatments to combat Alzheimer's disease.PLoS biology · 2025Review
- Research progress on 40 Hz sensory stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The gamma rhythm as a guardian of brain health.eLife · 2024Review
- Auditory gamma-band entrainment enhances default mode network connectivity in dementia patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Forty-Hertz audiovisual stimulation does not have a promoting effect on visual threshold and visual spatial memory.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Acousto-optic stimuli to promote coherent 40-Hz frequency entrainment effect.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Brain rhythms control microglial response and cytokine expression via NF-κB signaling.Science advances · 2023Article
- Alterations of resting-state Gamma frequency characteristics in aging and Alzheimer's disease.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2023Article
- BrainWAVE: A Flexible Method for Noninvasive Stimulation of Brain Rhythms across Species.eNeuro · 2023Article
- LINCs Are Vulnerable to Epileptic Insult and Fail to Provide Seizure Control via On-Demand Activation.eNeuro · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is known that proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis are significantly reduced by 40 Hz entrainment in mice. If this were to translate to humans, verifying that such a light stimulus can induce a 40 Hz entrainment response in humans and harnessing insights from these case studies could be one step in the development of a multisensory device to prevent and treat AD.
objectiveVerify the inducement of a 40 Hz response in the human brain by a 40 Hz light stimulus and obtain insights that could potentially aid in the development of a multisensory device for the prevention and treatment of AD.
methodsElectroencephalographic brain activity was recorded simultaneously with application of stimulus at different frequencies and intensities. Power spectral densities were analyzed.
resultsEntrainment to visual stimuli occurred with the largest response at 40 Hz. The high intensity 40 Hz stimulus caused widespread entrainment. The number of electrodes demonstrating entrainment increased with increasing light intensity. Largest amplitudes for the high intensity 40 Hz stimulus were consistently found at the primary visual cortex. There was a harmonic effect at double the frequency for the 40 Hz stimulus. An eyes-open protocol caused more entrainment than an eyes-closed protocol.
conclusionIt was possible to induce widespread entrainment using a 40 Hz light stimulus in this sample cohort. Insights gleaned from these case studies could potentially aid in the development of a multisensory medical device to prevent and treat AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.