ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019
Micronutrient intakes of lactating mothers and their association with breast milk concentrations and micronutrient adequacy of exclusively breastfed Indonesian infants.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04564222 (Double-Blind Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Chicken Liver and Eggshell Crackers in Mothers During Pregnancy and Lactation in a Disadvantaged Setting in Indonesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Double-Blind Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Chicken Liver and Eggshell Crackers in Mothers During Pregnancy and Lactation in a Disadvantaged Setting in Indonesia
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in Indonesia and Malaysia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin A Concentration in Human Milk: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of maternal eating disorders on breastfeeding practices: a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2021Pooled it
- Chicken liver and eggshell crackers are a safe and affordable animal source food for overcoming micronutrient deficits during pregnancy and lactation in Indonesia: a double-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (SISTIK Growth Study).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation in rural Pakistan increased some milk micronutrient concentrations, but not infant growth, at three-months postpartum: a randomized controlled trial substudy.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Daily Folic Acid and/or Vitamin B12 Supplementation Between 6 and 30 Months of Age and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers After 6-7 Years: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Macro- and Micronutrients in Milk from Healthy Cambodian Mothers: Status and Interrelations.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Is carbohydrate, protein, fat, and energy intake adequate among lactating women in Northwest Ethiopia?Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Animal- and Plant-Source Protein-Rich Foods Differ in Their Association With Maternal Micronutrient Status and Breast Milk Composition During Lactation.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Human milk and total milk intakes of mixed fed infants: a cross-sectional study of infants aged 7-10 months.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal Perception vs Actual Breast Milk Supply: Protocol for an Observational Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Observational
- Reference Values for B Vitamins in Human Milk: The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Adherence to Indonesia's Dietary Guidelines Among Lactating Women: Insights for Policy and Practice.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Thiamine Concentration in Human Milk Is Correlated With Maternal and Infant Thiamine Status: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Lao Thiamine Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Observational
- Milk mineral composition is strongly associated with the human milk microbiome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary diversity, adequate vitamin A-rich food consumption and their associated factors among lactating mothers in South Ethiopia: a food frequency questionnaire-based study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Day-to-Day Fluctuation in Micronutrient Content in Human Milk Relative to Maternal Diet.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Frequent Use of Baby Food Pouches in Infants and Young Children and Associations with Energy Intake and BMI: An Observational Study.Nutrients · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast milk is the sole source of nutrition for exclusively breastfed infants in the first 6 mo of life, yet few studies have measured micronutrient concentrations in breast milk in light of maternal diet and subsequent infant micronutrient intakes.
objectivesWe evaluated the adequacy of micronutrient intakes of exclusively breastfed Indonesian infants by measuring milk volume and micronutrient concentrations and assessed maternal micronutrient intakes and their relationship with milk concentrations.
methodsMother-infant (2-5.3 mo) dyads (n = 113) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Volume of breast-milk intake via the deuterium dose-to-mother technique over 14 d and analyzed micronutrient concentrations were used to calculate micronutrient intakes of exclusively breastfed infants. Maternal 3-d weighed food records were collected to assess median (IQR) micronutrient intakes. Multivariate regression analyses examined the association of usual maternal micronutrient intakes with milk micronutrient concentrations after adjustment for confounding variables.
resultsMean ± SD intake of breast-milk volume was 787 ± 148 mL/d. Median daily infant intakes of iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, sodium, and B-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12) were below their respective Adequate Intakes. Inadequacies in maternal intakes (as % < estimated average requirements) were >40% for calcium, niacin, and vitamins A, B-6, and B-12. Significant positive associations existed between maternal usual intakes of vitamin A, niacin and riboflavin and milk retinol, nicotinamide, and free riboflavin concentrations in both unadjusted and adjusted (for infant age, milk volume, and parity) analyses (all P < 0.05).
conclusionsThe majority of micronutrient intakes for these exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers fell below recommendations, with associations between maternal intakes and breast-milk concentrations for 3 nutrients. Data on nutrient requirements of exclusively breastfed infants are limited, and a better understanding of the influence of maternal nutritional status on milk nutrient concentrations and its impact on the breastfed infant is needed.
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