Trial reportInvestigational new drugs2019
Phase II study of avelumab in multiple relapsed/refractory germ cell cancer.
Trial report in Investigational new drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Rare Tumours: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Phase II study of Disulfiram and Cisplatin in Refractory Germ Cell Tumors. The GCT-SK-006 phase II trial.Investigational new drugs · 2022Trial
- Phase II trial of nivolumab monotherapy and biomarker screening in patients with chemo-refractory germ cell tumors.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2022Trial
- Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Germ Cell Tumors.The oncologist · 2021Trial
- Microsatellite Instability-High Somatic-Type Malignancy Arising From a Primary Retroperitoneal Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Report.IJU case reports · 2026Article
- Treatment options in platinum-refractory male germ cell cancers: current standards and future directions.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Review
- Evaluating Claudin-6 and isochromosome 12p in the progression from germ cell neoplasia in situ to primary testicular germ cell tumor and post-chemotherapy teratoma: implications for CLDN6-targeted therapies.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Driving precision medicine in testicular germ cell tumors: from preclinical models to clinical applications.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in Urological Cancers: A New Modern Era, but Not Generally Applied.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Single-cell profiling in ovarian germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Malignant germ cells tumor of the ovary.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Evidence-Based Recommendations on the Use of Immunotherapies and Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Male Reproductive Cancers.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- The clinical significance of T cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in central nervous system germ cell tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of immunotherapy in targeting tumor microenvironment in genitourinary cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Treatment of recurrent ovarian germ cell tumours: Is there a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors?Gynecologic oncology reports · 2024Review
- Driver mutations associated with signatures of platinum sensitivity in germ cell tumors.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- PD-L1 expression in testicular germ cell tumors undergoing spontaneous regression.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) involves in the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic implications of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- The Immune Landscape and Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Platinum-Refractory Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.Cancers · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are highly curable diseases; however, not all patients can be cured. Patients in their second relapse have especially poor prognoses. PD-L1 expression is significantly higher in GCTs than in normal testicular tissue, and high PD-L1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of avelumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, in patients with GCTs. Methods In this phase 2 study, patients with multiple relapsed and/or refractory GCTs were treated with avelumab at a dose of 10 mg/kg administered biweekly until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was 12-week progression-free survival (PFS). Fifteen evaluable patients had to be enrolled in the first cohort, and if <8 of 15 patients had 12-week PFS, the study was to be terminated. Here, we report the results of the first stage of the trial. Results From November 2017 to January 2018, 8 patients with a median age of 29 years (range, 22 to 52 months) were enrolled. Patients were pretreated with a median of 5 (range, 1 to 6) previous lines of platinum-based therapies; 5 tumors (62.5%) were absolutely refractory to cisplatin, and 5 patients (62.5%) had visceral nonpulmonary metastases. At a median follow-up period of 2.6 months (range, 0.3 to 14.4), all the patients experienced disease progression, and 7 patients (87.5%) died. The twelve-week PFS was 0%, median PFS was 0.9 months (95% CI 0.5-1.9), and median OS was 2.7 months (95% CI 1.0-3.3). Avelumab was well tolerated, and no severe adverse events were observed. Conclusions This study failed to achieve its primary endpoint. Our data suggest a lack of avelumab efficacy in unselected multiple relapsed/refractory GCTs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.