Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31152289›Full record

ArticleInternational ophthalmology2019

Association of Ramadan daytime fasting with ocular surface inflammation and dry eye.

Brian K Armstrong, Ivana Romac Coc, Prateek Agarwal, Scott Smith, Samuel Navon

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Brian K ArmstrongCleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi - Eye Institute, Al Maryah Island - Sowwah Square, PO Box 112412, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ArmstrB@ClevelandClinicAbuDhabi.ae.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-6265
Ivana Romac CocCleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi - Eye Institute, Al Maryah Island - Sowwah Square, PO Box 112412, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Prateek AgarwalCleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi - Eye Institute, Al Maryah Island - Sowwah Square, PO Box 112412, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Scott SmithCleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi - Eye Institute, Al Maryah Island - Sowwah Square, PO Box 112412, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Samuel NavonCleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi - Eye Institute, Al Maryah Island - Sowwah Square, PO Box 112412, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDespite the widespread practice of fasting, there are no studies looking at ocular surface inflammation, specifically matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) testing, during fasting. In this prospective study, we wanted to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on the level of tear film MMP-9 as well as other standard indicators of dry eye disease.

methodsForty healthy patients without history of ocular disease were tested before and toward the end of Ramadan. Each patient was assessed at each timepoint for tear film MMP-9 positivity as measured by a commercially available test (InflammaDry; Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA, USA) which detects MMP-9 levels of more than 40 ng/ml. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (S1T) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were also evaluated at each timepoint.

resultsInflammaDry was positive in 10 patients (25%) prior to Ramadan and 21 patients (52.5%) during Ramadan fasting, and this change was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Mean TBUT decreased from 7 s prior to Ramadan to 5.3 s during Ramadan fasting, and this change was statistically significant (p = 0.01). OSDI, CFS and S1T did not show any statistically significant changes (p > 0.05 for all).

conclusionRamadan fasting has a significant impact on TBUT and ocular surface inflammation detected by Inflamma Dry testing. Patients who suffer from dry eye disease and those who develop symptoms during Ramadan are advised to consult with a physician before or during Ramadan fasting.

Indexed as

Dry Eye SyndromesAdultBiomarkersFastingFemaleHumansInflammationMaleMatrix Metalloproteinase 9Middle AgedProspective StudiesTearsYoung AdultBiomarkersMatrix Metalloproteinase 9Dry eye syndromeFastingInflammaDryOcular surface inflammationRamadan

Identifiers

PMID31152289

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.