Observational studyBMJ open2019
Is breast feeding associated with offspring IQ at age 5? Findings from prospective cohort: Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early breastfeeding as protective factor for preschool emotional and behavioral health.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Impact of breastfeeding at 4-6 months of age on preschool neurodevelopmental outcomes: a nationwide population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Beyond Infant Nutrition: Investigating the Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Impact of Breastfeeding.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of Laser-Assisted Hatching on Cognitive and Metabolic Development of Singletons Conceived Through Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: A Matched Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding and Children's Cognitive Development up to the Age of 4 Years: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Article
- Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Infant feeding-a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Breastfeeding, cognitive ability, and residual confounding: A comment on studies by Pereyra-Elìas et al.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between prenatal or early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and language development in 18 to 36-month-old children from the Odense Child Cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Article
- Translating fathers' support for breastfeeding into practice.Primary health care research & development · 2021Article
- Breast feeding and infant development in a cohort with sibling pair analysis: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Behavioral Problems at Age 11 Years After Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Acetaminophen: Parent-Reported and Self-Reported Outcomes.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- An Overview of Guidelines for Supplemental Feeding of Infants in Swedish Maternity Clinics.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2021Article
- New Insights Into Microbiota Modulation-Based Nutritional Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age: a Danish cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
- Antiepileptic Drug Exposure in Infants of Breastfeeding Mothers With Epilepsy.JAMA neurology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesBreast feeding is associated with health benefits for both mother and child, but many studies focusing on neurodevelopment have lacked information on important confounders and few randomised trials exist. Our objective was to examine the influence of breast feeding on child IQ at 5 years of age while taking maternal IQ and other relevant factors into account.
designProspective observational study.
settingPopulation-based birth cohort in Denmark.
participantsWe used data from The Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study 1782 mother-child pairs sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort (n=101 042). OUTCOME MEASURES: Child IQ was assessed at age 5 years by the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. On the same occasion maternal intelligence was assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Exposure data on duration of breast feeding (n=1385) were extracted from telephone interviews conducted when the child was 6 and 18 months, and analyses were weighted by relevant sampling fractions.
resultsIn multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders breast feeding was associated with child IQ at 5 years (categorical χ
conclusionsBreastfeeding duration of 1 month or shorter compared with longer periods was associated with approximately three points lower IQ, but there was no evidence of a dose-response relation in this prospective birth cohort, where we were able to adjust for some of the most critical confounders, including maternal intelligence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.