SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2019
Frequency and mortality of septic shock in Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 254 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CLinical Efficacy of Hemoperfusion With a Cytokine Adsorber in Norepinephrine-Resistant SEptic Shock
Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Sepsis
The Multicentre Prospective Observational Study on the Management of Septic Shock (Observational Study on Septic Shock, the OSS Study)
Who cites it
254 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 492 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of levosimendan and dobutamine in sepsis-related cardiac impairment: a meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Profiling cerebral hemodynamics in sepsis and septic shock patients with transcranial doppler: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Patients with Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With ICU Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
- The association between integrating echocardiography use in the management of septic shock patients and outcomes in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ultrasound · 2025Pooled it
- Mortality in septic patients treated with short-acting betablockers: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Mortality among adult patients with sepsis and septic shock in Korea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Frequency and mortality of sepsis and septic shock in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Syndecan-1 in the Prediction of Sepsis-Related Complications and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- HA-330 hemoadsorption in septic shock requiring high-dose norepinephrine: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (CLEANSE).Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Extracorporeal Cytokine Removal in Patients with Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of targeting high mean arterial pressure for older patients with septic shock (OPTPRESS): a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2025Trial
- Evaluate prognostic accuracy of SOFA component score for mortality among adults with sepsis by machine learning method.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- IgM- and IgA-Enriched Polyclonal Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Sepsis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- PathSepsisNet: a pathway-aware temporal graph attention network integrating inflammatory crosstalk dynamics for early prediction of multi-organ dysfunction in sepsis.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Early Immune Phenotype-Guided Immunomodulatory Strategies and Intensive Care Outcomes in Septic Shock: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- Crossover effect: causal machine learning reveals opposing mortality responses to mean arterial pressure targets among phenotypically distinct hypertensive patients with septic shock.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- Association of oXiris Hemoadsorption with Inflammatory, Hemodynamic, Respiratory, and Organ Dysfunction Parameters in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Juglone Protects Against CLP-Induced Sepsis by Regulating Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeptic shock is the most severe form of sepsis, in which profound underlying abnormalities in circulatory and cellular/metabolic parameters lead to substantially increased mortality. A clear understanding and up-to-date assessment of the burden and epidemiology of septic shock are needed to help guide resource allocation and thus ultimately improve patient care. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore to provide a recent evaluation of the frequency of septic shock in intensive care units (ICUs) and associated ICU and hospital mortality.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2005 to 20 February 2018 for observational studies that reported on the frequency and mortality of septic shock. Four reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. Disagreements were resolved via consensus. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled frequency of septic shock diagnosed at admission and during the ICU stay and to estimate septic shock mortality in the ICU, hospital, and at 28 or 30 days.
resultsThe literature search identified 6291 records of which 71 articles met the inclusion criteria. The frequency of septic shock was estimated at 10.4% (95% CI 5.9 to 16.1%) in studies reporting values for patients diagnosed at ICU admission and at 8.3% (95% CI 6.1 to 10.7%) in studies reporting values for patients diagnosed at any time during the ICU stay. ICU mortality was 37.3% (95% CI 31.5 to 43.5%), hospital mortality 39.0% (95% CI 34.4 to 43.9%), and 28-/30-day mortality 36.7% (95% CI 32.8 to 40.8%). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed.
conclusionsOur literature review reaffirms the continued common occurrence of septic shock and estimates a high mortality of around 38%. The high level of heterogeneity observed in this review may be driven by variability in defining and applying the diagnostic criteria, as well as differences in treatment and care across settings and countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.